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Europe :: Montenegro

- ## Introduction :: MONTENEGRO

- Background:
  The use of the name Crna Gora or Black Mountain (Montenegro) began in the 13th century in reference to a highland region in the Serbian province of Zeta. The later medieval state of Zeta maintained its existence until 1496 when Montenegro finally fell under Ottoman rule. Over subsequent centuries, Montenegro managed to maintain a level of autonomy within the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro was a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it transformed into a secular principality. Montenegro was recognized as an independent sovereign principality at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. After World War I, during which Montenegro fought on the side of the Allies, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, creating the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, shifting to a looser State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote for severing ties with Serbia barely exceeded 55% - the threshold set by the EU - allowing Montenegro to formally restore its independence on 3 June 2006.

- ## Geography :: MONTENEGRO

- Location:
  Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia
  Geographic coordinates:
  42 30 N, 19 18 E
  Map references:
  Europe
  Area:
  total: 13,812 sq km
  land: 13,452 sq km
  water: 360 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 162
  Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than Connecticut
  Land boundaries:
  total: 680 km
  border countries (5): Albania 186 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 242 km, Croatia 19 km, Kosovo 76 km, Serbia 157 km
  Coastline:
  293.5 km
  Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  continental shelf: defined by treaty
  Climate:
  Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland
  Terrain:
  highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
  highest point: Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m
  Natural resources:
  bauxite, hydroelectricity
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 38.2%
  arable land 12.9%; permanent crops 1.2%; permanent pasture 24.1%
  forest: 40.4%
  other: 21.4% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  24.12 sq km (2010)
  Natural hazards:
  destructive earthquakes
  Environment - current issues:
  pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
  Geography - note:
  strategic location along the Adriatic coast

- ## People and Society :: MONTENEGRO

- Nationality:
  noun: Montenegrin(s)
  adjective: Montenegrin
  Ethnic groups:
  Montenegrin 45%, Serbian 28.7%, Bosniak 8.7%, Albanian 4.9%, Muslim 3.3%, Roma 1%, Croat 1%, other 2.6%, unspecified 4.9% (2011 est.)
  Languages:
  Serbian 42.9%, Montenegrin (official) 37%, Bosnian 5.3%, Albanian 5.3%, Serbo-Croat 2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 4% (2011 est.)
  Religions:
  Orthodox 72.1%, Muslim 19.1%, Catholic 3.4%, atheist 1.2%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.6% (2011 est.)
  Population:
  647,073 (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 168
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 15.18% (male 48,138/female 50,095)
  15-24 years: 10.27% (male 30,681/female 35,776)
  25-54 years: 47.02% (male 164,104/female 140,142)
  55-64 years: 13.12% (male 42,354/female 42,542)
  65 years and over: 14.41% (male 37,040/female 56,201) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 47.7%
  youth dependency ratio: 27.6%
  elderly dependency ratio: 20.2%
  potential support ratio: 5% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 39.2 years
  male: 38.2 years
  female: 40.5 years (2014 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  -0.42% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 223
  Birth rate:
  10.42 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 182
  Death rate:
  9.43 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 61
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 64% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 0.34% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  PODGORICA (capital) 165,000 (2014)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 0.86 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 1.17 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Contraceptive prevalence rate:
  39.4% (2005/06)
  Health expenditures:
  6.5% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 65
  Physicians density:
  2.11 physicians/1,000 population (2013)
  Hospital bed density:
  4 beds/1,000 population (2011)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 100% of population
  rural: 99.2% of population
  total: 99.7% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 0% of population
  rural: 0.8% of population
  total: 0.3% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 90.8% of population
  rural: 92.2% of population
  total: 95.9% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 2% of population
  rural: 7.8% of population
  total: 4.1% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA
  Major infectious diseases:
  degree of risk: intermediate
  food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea
  vectorborne disease: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (2013)
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  21.4% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 79
  Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
  1% (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 133
  Education expenditures:
  NA
  Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 98.7%
  male: 99.5%
  female: 98% (2015 est.)
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  total: 15 years
  male: 15 years
  female: 15 years (2010)
  Child labor - children ages 5-14:
  total number: 8,520
  percentage: 10% (2005 est.)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
  total: 41.1%
  male: 42.3%
  female: 39.7% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 11

- ## Government :: MONTENEGRO

- Country name:
  conventional long form: none
  conventional short form: Montenegro
  local long form: none
  local short form: Crna Gora
  former: People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro, Republic of Montenegro
  Government type:
  republic
  Capital:
  name: Podgorica; note - Cetinje retains the status of "Old Royal Capital"
  geographic coordinates: 42 26 N, 19 16 E
  time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  daylight saving time: +1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
  Administrative divisions:
  23 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina); Andrijevica, Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Gusinje, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Petnijica, Plav, Pljevlja, Pluzine, Podgorica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Ulcinj, Zabljak
  Independence:
  3 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro)
  National holiday:
  National Day, 13 July (1878, the day the Berlin Congress recognized Montenegro as the 27th independent state in the world, and 1941, the day the Montenegrins staged an uprising against Nazi occupiers and sided with the partisan Communist movement)
  Constitution:
  several previous; latest adopted 19 October 2007, promulagated 22 October 2007; amended 2013 (to strengthen independence of judiciary) (2015) (2015)
  Legal system:
  civil law
  International law organization participation:
  has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICC jurisdiction
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Filip VUJANOVIC (since 6 April 2008)
  head of government: Prime Minister Milo DJUKANOVIC (since 4 December 2012)
  cabinet: Ministers act as cabinet
  elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 April 2013 (next to be held in 2018); prime minister nominated by the president, approved by the Assembly
  election results: Filip VUJANOVIC reelected president; Filip VUJANOVIC (DPS) 51.2%, Miodrag LEKIC (independent) 48.8%%
  Legislative branch:
  description: unicameral Assembly or Skupstina (81 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
  elections: last held on 14 October 2012 (next to be held in October 2016)
  election results: percent of vote by party/coalition - Coalition for European Montenegro 45.6%, Democratic Front 22.8%, SNP 11.1%, Positive Montenegro 8.2%, Bosniak Party 4.2%, other (including Albanian and Croatian minority parties) 8.1%; seats by party - Coalition for European Montenegro 39, Democratic Front 20, SNP 9, Positive Montenegro 7, Bosniak Party 3, Albanian and Croatian minority parties 3
  note: seats by party/coaltion as of May 2015 - Coalition for European Montenegro 39, Democratic Front 20, SNP 9, Positive Montenegro 5, Bosniak Party 3, Albanian and Croatian minority parties 3, independent 2
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Supreme Court or Vrhovni Sud (consists of the court president, deputy president and 15 judges); Constitutional Court or Ustavni Sud (consists of the court president and 7 judges)
  judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president proposed by general session of the Supreme Court and elected by the Judicial Council, a 9-member body consisting of judges, lawyers designated by the Assembly, and the minister of judicial affairs; Supreme Court president elected for a single renewable, 5-year term; other judges elected by the Judicial Council for life; Constitutional Court judges - 2 proposed by the president of Montenegro and 5 by the Assembly, and elected by the Assembly; court president elected from among the court members; court president elected for 3 years, other judges 9 years
  subordinate courts: Administrative Courts; Appellate Court; Commercial Courts; High Courts; basic courts
  Political parties and leaders:
  Albanian Coalition (includes Democratic League in Montenegro or DSCG [Mehmet BARDHI], Democratic Party [Fatmir DJEKA], and Albanian Alternative or AA [Gjergj CAMAJ])
  Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC]
  Coalition for European Montenegro [Milo DJUKANOVIC] (includes Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC], Liberal Party of Montenegro or LP [Andrija POPOVIC], and Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC])
  Coalition FORCA for Unity (includes FORCA [Nazif CUNGU] and Civic Initiative [Vaselj SINISTAJ])
  Croatian Civic Initiative or HGI [Marija VUCINOVIC]
  Democratic Front or DF [Miodrag LEKIC] (includes New Serb Democracy or NOVA [Andrija MANDIC] and Movement for Change or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC])
  Positive Montenegro [Darko PAJOVIC]
  Socialist People's Party or SNP [Srdan MILIC]
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA
  International organization participation:
  CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Srdjan DARMANOVIC (since 30 November 2010)
  chancery: 1610 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20009
  telephone: [1] (202) 234-6108
  FAX: [1] (202) 234-6109
  consulate(s) general: New York
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Margaret UYEHARA (since 19 February 2015)
  embassy: Dzona Dzeksona 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
  mailing address: use embassy street address
  telephone: [382] (0) 20 410 500
  FAX: [382] (0) 20 241 358
  Flag description:
  a red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered; the arms consist of a double-headed golden eagle - symbolizing the unity of church and state - surmounted by a crown; the eagle holds a golden scepter in its right claw and a blue orb in its left; the breast shield over the eagle shows a golden lion passant on a green field in front of a blue sky; the lion is symbol of episcopal authority and harkens back to the three and a half centuries that Montenegro was ruled as a theocracy
  National symbol(s):
  double-headed eagle; national colors: red, gold
  National anthem:
  name: "Oj, svijetla majska zoro" (Oh, Bright Dawn of May)
  lyrics/music: Sekula DRLJEVIC/unknown, arranged by Zarko MIKOVIC
  note: adopted 2004; music based on a Montenegrin folk song

- ## Economy :: MONTENEGRO

- Economy - overview:
  Montenegro's economy is transitioning to a market system. From the beginning of the privatization process in 1999 through to 2015, around 85% of Montenegrin state-owned companies have been privatized, including 100% of banking, telecommunications, and oil distribution. The government recognizes the need to remove impediments in order to remain competitive and open the economy to foreign investors. The biggest foreign investors in Montenegro are Italy, Norway, Austria, Russia, Hungary and Great Britain. Net foreign direct investment in 2014 reached $483 million and investment per capita is one of the highest in Europe. Montenegro uses the Euro as its domestic currency, though it is not an official member of the Euro-zone. In January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF, and in December 2011, the World Trade Organization. Montenegro began negotiations to join the EC in June, 2012, having met the conditions set down by the European Council, which called on Montenegro to take steps to fight corruption and organized crime. Tourism brings in twice as many visitors as Montenegro’s total population every year. Several new luxury tourism complexes are in various states of development along the coast, and a number are being offered in connection with nearby boating and yachting facilities. Montenegro is currently planning major overhauls of its road, rail networks, and possible expansions of its air transportation system. In 2014, the Government of Montenegro selected two Chinese companies to construct a 41 km-long section of the country’s highway system. Construction will cost around $1.1 billion. Montenegro first instituted value added tax (VAT) in April 2003, and introduced differentiated VAT rates of 17% and 7% (for tourism) in January 2006. In May 2013, the Montenegrin Government raised the higher level VAT rate to 19%.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $9.36 billion (2014 est.)
  $9.256 billion (2013 est.)
  $8.957 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 158
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $4.462 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  1.1% (2014 est.)
  3.3% (2013 est.)
  -2.5% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 139
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $15,000 (2014 est.)
  $14,800 (2013 est.)
  $14,300 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 100
  Gross national saving:
  2.3% of GDP (2014 est.)
  1.3% of GDP (2013 est.)
  0.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 169
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 81.8%
  government consumption: 21.2%
  investment in fixed capital: 19.5%
  investment in inventories: -0.1%
  exports of goods and services: 42.1%
  imports of goods and services: -64.5%
  (2013 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 8.3%
  industry: 21.2%
  services: 70.5% (2013 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheep
  Industries:
  steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism
  Industrial production growth rate:
  4.5% (2013 est.)
  Labor force:
  263,200 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 166
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 5.3%
  industry: 17.9%
  services: 76.8% (2014 est.)
  Unemployment rate:
  18.5% (2014 est.)
  19.1% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 160
  Population below poverty line:
  8.6% (2013 est.)
  Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  26.2 (2013 est.)
  24.3 (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 139
  Budget:
  revenues: $1.56 billion
  expenditures: $1.63 billion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  33.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 55
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  -1.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 13
  Public debt:
  59.5% of GDP (31 December 2014 est.)
  57.9% of GDP (2013 est.)
  note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
  country comparison to the world: 65
  Fiscal year:
  calendar year
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  -0.7% (2014 est.)
  3% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 12
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  9.22% (31 December 2014 est.)
  9.36% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 88
  Stock of narrow money:
  $749 million (31 December 2011 est.)
  $783.3 million (31 December 2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 156
  Stock of broad money:
  $1.982 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
  $2.01 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 154
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $2.63 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $2.682 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 130
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $7.532 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $3.827 billion (31 December 2012)
  $3.322 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 91
  Current account balance:
  -$793 million (2014 est.)
  -$1.927 billion (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 146
  Exports:
  $370.2 million (2014 est.)
  $489.2 million (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 176
  Exports - partners:
  Croatia 22.7%, Serbia 22.7%, Slovenia 7.8% (2012 est.)
  Imports:
  $1.982 billion (2014 est.)
  $2.4 billion (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 157
  Imports - partners:
  Serbia 29.3%, Greece 8.7%, China 7.1% (2012 est.)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $599.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 154
  Debt - external:
  $1.576 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $1.433 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 151
  Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
  $483 million (31 December 2014 est.)
  $446.5 million (31 December 2013 est.)
  Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
  $133 million (31 December 2014 est.)
  Exchange rates:
  euros (EUR) per US dollar -
  0.7489 (2014 est.)
  0.7634 (2013 est.)
  0.78 (2012 est.)
  0.7185 (2011 est.)
  0.755 (2010 est.)

- ## Energy :: MONTENEGRO

- Electricity - production:
  3.809 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 132
  Electricity - consumption:
  3.465 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 128
  Electricity - exports:
  696 million kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 69
  Electricity - imports:
  410 million kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 60
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  885,500 kW (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 126
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  24.6% of total installed capacity (20113 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 188
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 137
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  75.3% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 18
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 202
  Crude oil - production:
  0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 198
  Crude oil - exports:
  0 bbl/day (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 152
  Crude oil - imports:
  0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 92
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 163
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 172
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  11,640 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 172
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  622 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 114
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  12,270 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 168
  Natural gas - production:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 164
  Natural gas - consumption:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 170
  Natural gas - exports:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 142
  Natural gas - imports:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 97
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  0 cu m (1 January 2014)
  country comparison to the world: 168
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  19.72 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 84

- ## Communications :: MONTENEGRO

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 160,000
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 135
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 1 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 156 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 158
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites
  domestic: GSM mobile-cellular service, available through multiple providers with national coverage, is growing
  international: country code - 382; 2 international switches connect the national system (2011)
  Broadcast media:
  state-funded national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial TV networks, 1 satellite TV channel, and 2 radio networks; 4 public TV stations and some 20 private TV stations; 14 local public radio stations and more than 40 private radio stations (2007)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  31 (station frequency types NA) (2004)
  Television broadcast stations:
  13 (2004)
  Internet country code:
  .me
  Internet users:
  total: 381,700
  percent of population: 58.7% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 136

- ## Transportation :: MONTENEGRO

- Airports:
  5 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 181
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 5
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
  914 to 1,523 m: 1
  under 914 m: 1 (2013)
  Heliports:
  1 (2012)
  Railways:
  total: 250 km
  standard gauge: 250 km 1.435-m gauge (169 km electrified) (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 125
  Roadways:
  total: 7,762 km
  paved: 7,141 km
  unpaved: 621 km (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 142
  Merchant marine:
  total: 2
  by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1
  registered in other countries: 4 (Bahamas 2, Honduras 1, Slovakia 1) (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 146
  Ports and terminals:
  major seaport(s): Bar

- ## Military :: MONTENEGRO

- Military branches:
  Armed Forces of the Republic of Montenegro: Army of Montenegro (includes Montenegrin Navy (Mornarica Crne Gore, MCG)), Air Force (2011)
  Military service age and obligation:
  18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 149,159
  females age 16-49: 131,823 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 3,120
  female: 3,677 (2010 est.)
  Military expenditures:
  1.74% of GDP (2014)
  1.59% of GDP (2013)
  1.69% of GDP (2012)
  1.75% of GDP (2011)
  1.81% of GDP (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 46

- ## Transnational Issues :: MONTENEGRO

- Disputes - international:
  none
  Refugees and internally displaced persons:
  refugees (country of origin): 5,633 (Serbia and Kosovo) (2014)
  stateless persons: 3,296 (2014)

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