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Africa :: Gabon

- ## Introduction :: GABON

- Background:
  El Hadj Omar BONGO Ondimba - one of the longest-serving heads of state in the world - dominated the country's political scene for four decades (1967-2009) following independence from France in 1960. President BONGO introduced a nominal multiparty system and a new constitution in the early 1990s. However, allegations of electoral fraud during local elections in December 2002 and the presidential election in 2005 exposed the weaknesses of formal political structures in Gabon. Following President BONGO's death in 2009, a new election brought Ali BONGO Ondimba, son of the former president, to power. Despite constrained political conditions, Gabon's small population, abundant natural resources, and considerable foreign support have helped make it one of the more stable African countries.

- ## Geography :: GABON

- Location:
  Central Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between Republic of the Congo and Equatorial Guinea
  Geographic coordinates:
  1 00 S, 11 45 E
  Map references:
  Africa
  Area:
  total: 267,667 sq km
  land: 257,667 sq km
  water: 10,000 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 77
  Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than Colorado
  Land boundaries:
  total: 3,261 km
  border countries (3): Cameroon 349 km, Republic of the Congo 2,567 km, Equatorial Guinea 345 km
  Coastline:
  885 km
  Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  contiguous zone: 24 nm
  exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
  Climate:
  tropical; always hot, humid
  Terrain:
  narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
  highest point: Mont Iboundji 1,575 m
  Natural resources:
  petroleum, natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 18.1%
  arable land 1.2%; permanent crops 0.6%; permanent pasture 17.2%
  forest: 81%
  other: 0% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  44.5 sq km (2003)
  Total renewable water resources:
  164 cu km (2011)
  Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
  total: 0.14 cu km/yr (61%/10%/29%)
  per capita: 97.68 cu m/yr (2005)
  Natural hazards:
  NA
  Environment - current issues:
  deforestation; poaching
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
  Geography - note:
  a small population and oil and mineral reserves have helped Gabon become one of Africa's wealthier countries; in general, these circumstances have allowed the country to maintain and conserve its pristine rain forest and rich biodiversity

- ## People and Society :: GABON

- Nationality:
  noun: Gabonese (singular and plural)
  adjective: Gabonese
  Ethnic groups:
  Bantu tribes, including four major tribal groupings (Fang, Bapounou, Nzebi, Obamba); other Africans and Europeans, 154,000, including 10,700 French and 11,000 persons of dual nationality
  Languages:
  French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi
  Religions:
  Christian 55%-75%, animist, Muslim less than 1%
  Population:
  1,705,336
  note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 154
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 42.06% (male 360,412/female 356,787)
  15-24 years: 20.29% (male 173,395/female 172,678)
  25-54 years: 29.66% (male 253,304/female 252,493)
  55-64 years: 4.2% (male 34,561/female 37,108)
  65 years and over: 3.79% (male 27,621/female 36,977) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 73.1%
  youth dependency ratio: 64.3%
  elderly dependency ratio: 8.8%
  potential support ratio: 11.3% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 18.6 years
  male: 18.4 years
  female: 18.8 years (2015 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  1.93% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 53
  Birth rate:
  34.49 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 25
  Death rate:
  13.12 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 17
  Net migration rate:
  -2.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 168
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 87.2% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 2.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  LIBREVILLE (capital) 707,000 (2015)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Maternal mortality rate:
  291 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 50
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 46.07 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 53.11 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 38.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 43
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 52.04 years
  male: 51.56 years
  female: 52.53 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 217
  Total fertility rate:
  4.46 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 29
  Contraceptive prevalence rate:
  31.1% (2012)
  Health expenditures:
  3.8% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 173
  Hospital bed density:
  6.3 beds/1,000 population (2010)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 97.2% of population
  rural: 66.7% of population
  total: 93.2% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 2.8% of population
  rural: 33.3% of population
  total: 6.8% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 43.4% of population
  rural: 31.5% of population
  total: 41.9% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 56.6% of population
  rural: 68.5% of population
  total: 58.1% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  3.91% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 16
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  47,500 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  1,500 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 61
  Major infectious diseases:
  degree of risk: very high
  food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
  vectorborne disease: malaria and dengue fever
  water contact disease: schistosomiasis
  animal contact disease: rabies (2013)
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  15.8% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 124
  Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
  6.5% (2012)
  country comparison to the world: 79
  Education expenditures:
  NA
  Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 83.2%
  male: 85.3%
  female: 81% (2015 est.)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
  total: 35.7%
  male: 30.6%
  female: 41.9% (2010 est.)

- ## Government :: GABON

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Gabonese Republic
  conventional short form: Gabon
  local long form: Republique Gabonaise
  local short form: Gabon
  Government type:
  republic; multiparty presidential regime
  Capital:
  name: Libreville
  geographic coordinates: 0 23 N, 9 27 E
  time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  Administrative divisions:
  9 provinces; Estuaire, Haut-Ogooue, Moyen-Ogooue, Ngounie, Nyanga, Ogooue-Ivindo, Ogooue-Lolo, Ogooue-Maritime, Woleu-Ntem
  Independence:
  17 August 1960 (from France)
  National holiday:
  Independence Day, 17 August (1960)
  Constitution:
  previous 1961; latest drafted May 1990, adopted 15 March 1991, promulgated 26 March 1991; amended several times, last in 2011
  Legal system:
  mixed legal system of French civil law and customary law
  International law organization participation:
  has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
  Citizenship:
  birthright citizenship: no, unless at least one parent is a citizen of Gabon
  dual citizenship recognized: no
  residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Ali BONGO Ondimba (since 16 October 2009)
  head of government: Prime Minister Daniel ONA ONDO (since 27 January 2014)
  cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president
  elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (no term limits); election last held on 30 August 2009 (next to be held in 2016); prime minister appointed by the president
  election results: Ali BONGO Ondimba elected president; percent of vote - Ali BONGO Ondimba (PDG) 41.7%, Andre MBA OBAME (independent) 25.9%, Pierre MAMBOUNDOU (UPG) 25.2%, Zacharie MYBOTO (UGDD) 3.9%, other 3.3%; note
  Legislative branch:
  description: bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (102 seats; members indirectly elected by municipal councils and departmental assemblies by absolute majority vote in two rounds; members serve 6-year terms) and the National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in two rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)
  elections: Senate - last held on 18 January 2009 (next to be held in January 2015); National Assembly - last held on 17 December 2011 (next to be held in December 2016)
  election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 75, RPG 6, UGDD 3, CLR 2, PGCI 2, PSD 2, UPG 2, ADERE 1, independent 9; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 114, RPG 3, other 3
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Supreme Court (organized into Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts chambers and consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)
  judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointment and tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed - 3 by the national president, 3 by the president of the Senate, and 3 by the president of the National Assembly; judges serve 7-year, single renewable terms
  subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; Court of State Security; county courts; military courts
  Political parties and leaders:
  Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean-Boniface ASSELE]
  Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE [DIDJOB Divungui di Ndinge]
  Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG [Ali BONGO Ondimba]
  Independent Center Party of Gabon or PGCI [Luccheri GAHILA]
  National Rally of Woodcutters-Democratic or RNB-D [Pierre Andre KOMBILA]
  Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]
  Union for the New Republic or UPRN [Louis Gaston MAYILA]
  Union of Gabonese People or UPG [Richard MOULOMBA]
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  NA
  International organization participation:
  ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Baudelaire Ndong ELLA (since 31 July 2015)
  chancery: 2034 20th Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20009
  telephone: [1] (202) 797-1000
  FAX: [1] (301) 332-0668
  consulate(s): New York
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Cythia Akuetteh (since 13 August 2014); note - also accredited to Sao Tome and Principe
  embassy: Boulevard du Bord de Mer, Libreville
  mailing address: Centre Ville, B. P. 4000, Libreville; pouch: 2270 Libreville Place, Washington, DC 20521-2270
  telephone: [241] 01-45-71-00, after hours - 07380171
  FAX: [241] 74 55 07
  Flag description:
  three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and blue; green represents the country's forests and natural resources, gold represents the equator (which transects Gabon) as well as the sun, blue represents the sea
  National symbol(s):
  black panther; national colors: green, yellow, blue
  National anthem:
  name: "La Concorde" (The Concorde)
  lyrics/music: Georges Aleka DAMAS
  note: adopted 1960

- ## Economy :: GABON

- Economy - overview:
  Gabon enjoys a per capita income four times that of most sub-Saharan African nations, but because of high income inequality, a large proportion of the population remains poor. Gabon depended on timber and manganese until oil was discovered offshore in the early 1970s. The economy was reliant on oil for about 50% of its GDP, about 70% of revenues, and 87% of goods exports for 2010, although some fields have passed their peak production. A rebound of oil prices from 1999 to 2013 helped growth, but declining production has hampered Gabon from fully realizing potential gains. Gabon signed a 14-month Stand-By Arrangement with the IMF in May 2007, and later that year issued a $1 billion sovereign bond to buy back a sizable portion of its Paris Club debt. Gabon continues to face fluctuating prices for its oil, timber, and manganese exports. Despite the abundance of natural wealth, poor fiscal management has stifled the economy. However, President BONGO has made efforts to increase transparency and is taking steps to make Gabon a more attractive investment destination to diversify the economy. BONGO has attempted to boost growth by increasing government investment in human resources and infrastructure. GDP grew nearly 6% per year over the 2010-14 period.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $32.91 billion (2014 est.)
  $31.55 billion (2013 est.)
  $29.87 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 123
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $18.21 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  4.3% (2014 est.)
  5.6% (2013 est.)
  5.3% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 71
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $20,800 (2014 est.)
  $19,900 (2013 est.)
  $18,800 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 84
  Gross national saving:
  35% of GDP (2014 est.)
  38.7% of GDP (2013 est.)
  39.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 13
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 36.4%
  government consumption: 17.3%
  investment in fixed capital: 28%
  investment in inventories: 2.6%
  exports of goods and services: 51%
  imports of goods and services: -35.3%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 3.6%
  industry: 42.9%
  services: 53.5% (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  cocoa, coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber; cattle; okoume (a tropical softwood); fish
  Industries:
  petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, gold; chemicals, ship repair, food and beverages, textiles, lumbering and plywood, cement
  Industrial production growth rate:
  -0.3% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 162
  Labor force:
  640,300 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 153
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 60%
  industry: 15%
  services: 25% (2000 est.)
  Unemployment rate:
  21% (2006 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 169
  Population below poverty line:
  NA%
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 2.5%
  highest 10%: 32.7% (2005)
  Budget:
  revenues: $5.263 billion
  expenditures: $5.487 billion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  28.9% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 94
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  -1.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 74
  Public debt:
  28.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
  26.7% of GDP (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 138
  Fiscal year:
  calendar year
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  4.5% (2014 est.)
  0.5% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 162
  Central bank discount rate:
  3% (31 December 2010)
  4.25% (31 December 2009)
  country comparison to the world: 106
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  15% (31 December 2014 est.)
  15% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 37
  Stock of narrow money:
  $2.448 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $3.011 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 123
  Stock of broad money:
  $4.545 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $4.421 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 133
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $2.3 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $2.35 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 135
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $NA
  Current account balance:
  $1.51 billion (2014 est.)
  $2.156 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 42
  Exports:
  $8.872 billion (2014 est.)
  $8.946 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 101
  Exports - commodities:
  crude oil, timber, manganese, uranium
  Exports - partners:
  China 15.8%, Japan 14.6%, Australia 11%, US 7.9%, India 7.8%, South Korea 6.3%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.6%, Spain 4.4% (2014)
  Imports:
  $3.089 billion (2014 est.)
  $2.938 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 146
  Imports - commodities:
  machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, construction materials
  Imports - partners:
  France 20%, Cote d'Ivoire 15.3%, China 9.6%, US 9.3%, Algeria 5.1%, Belgium 4.5% (2014)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $2.495 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $3.018 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 116
  Debt - external:
  $4.736 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $4.316 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 126
  Exchange rates:
  Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -
  494.42 (2014 est.)
  494.42 (2013 est.)
  510.53 (2012 est.)
  471.87 (2011 est.)
  495.28 (2010 est.)

- ## Energy :: GABON

- Electricity - production:
  2.111 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 138
  Electricity - consumption:
  1.68 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 145
  Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 142
  Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 153
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  415,000 kW (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 145
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  59% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 137
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 96
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  41% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 58
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 175
  Crude oil - production:
  240,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 36
  Crude oil - exports:
  226,800 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 30
  Crude oil - imports:
  0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 194
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  2 billion bbl (1 January 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 36
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  18,750 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 94
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  18,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 132
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  5,678 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 91
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  5,042 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 161
  Natural gas - production:
  384 million cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 71
  Natural gas - consumption:
  384 million cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 101
  Natural gas - exports:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 102
  Natural gas - imports:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 200
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  28.32 billion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 70
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  5.437 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 125

- ## Communications :: GABON

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 17,200
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 190
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 3.6 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 215 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 128
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: adequate system of cable, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, radiotelephone communication stations, and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations
  domestic: a growing mobile cellular network with multiple providers is making telephone service more widely available with mobile cellular teledensity exceeding 100 per 100 persons
  international: country code - 241; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)
  Broadcast media:
  state owns and operates 2 TV stations and 2 radio broadcast stations; a few private radio and TV stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible; satellite service subscriptions are available (2007)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 6, FM 7 (plus 11 repeaters), shortwave 4 (2001)
  Television broadcast stations:
  4 (plus 4 repeaters) (2001)
  Internet country code:
  .ga
  Internet users:
  total: 164,800
  percent of population: 9.9% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 161

- ## Transportation :: GABON

- Airports:
  44 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 99
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 14
  over 3,047 m: 1
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 9
  914 to 1,523 m: 1
  under 914 m: 1 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 30
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
  914 to 1,523 m: 9
  under 914 m:
  14 (2013)
  Pipelines:
  gas 807 km; oil 1,639 km; water 3 km (2013)
  Railways:
  total: 649 km
  standard gauge: 649 km 1.435-m gauge (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 106
  Roadways:
  total: 9,170 km
  paved: 1,097 km
  unpaved: 8,073 km (2007)
  country comparison to the world: 139
  Waterways:
  1,600 km (310 km on Ogooue River) (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 49
  Merchant marine:
  registered in other countries: 2 (Cambodia 1, Panama 1) (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 140
  Ports and terminals:
  major seaport(s): Libreville, Owendo, Port-Gentil
  oil terminal(s): Gamba, Lucina

- ## Military :: GABON

- Military branches:
  Gabonese Defense Forces (Forces de Defense Gabonaise): Land Force (Force Terrestre), Gabonese Navy (Marine Gabonaise), Gabonese Air Forces (Forces Aerienne Gabonaises, FAG) (2012)
  Military service age and obligation:
  20 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 350,640
  females age 16-49: 351,718 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 202,404
  females age 16-49: 195,389 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 17,638
  female: 17,614 (2010 est.)
  Military expenditures:
  1.34% of GDP (2012)
  NA% (2011)
  1.34% of GDP (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 76

- ## Transnational Issues :: GABON

- Disputes - international:
  UN urges Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to resolve the sovereignty dispute over Gabon-occupied Mbane Island and lesser islands and to establish a maritime boundary in hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay

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