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Europe :: Croatia

- ## Introduction :: CROATIA

- Background:
  The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Croatia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. The country joined NATO in April 2009 and the EU in July 2013.

- ## Geography :: CROATIA

- Location:
  Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia
  Geographic coordinates:
  45 10 N, 15 30 E
  Map references:
  Europe
  Area:
  total: 56,594 sq km
  land: 55,974 sq km
  water: 620 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 127
  Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than West Virginia
  Land boundaries:
  total: 2,237 km
  border countries (5): Bosnia and Herzegovina 956 km, Hungary 348 km, Montenegro 19 km, Serbia 314 km, Slovenia 600 km
  Coastline:
  5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)
  Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
  Climate:
  Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
  Terrain:
  geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
  highest point: Dinara 1,831 m
  Natural resources:
  oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 23.7%
  arable land 16%; permanent crops 1.5%; permanent pasture 6.2%
  forest: 34.4%
  other: 41.9% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  36.27 sq km (2010)
  Total renewable water resources:
  105.5 cu km (2011)
  Natural hazards:
  destructive earthquakes
  Environment - current issues:
  air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
  Geography - note:
  controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks

- ## People and Society :: CROATIA

- Nationality:
  noun: Croat(s), Croatian(s)
  adjective: Croatian
  Ethnic groups:
  Croat 90.4%, Serb 4.4%, other 4.4% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Roma), unspecified 0.8% (2011 est.)
  Languages:
  Croatian (official) 95.6%, Serbian 1.2%, other 3% (including Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and Albanian), unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)
  Religions:
  Roman Catholic 86.3%, Orthodox 4.4%, Muslim 1.5%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.5%, not religious or atheist 3.8% (2011 est.)
  Population:
  4,464,844 (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 126
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 14.42% (male 330,355/female 313,312)
  15-24 years: 11.92% (male 272,249/female 259,935)
  25-54 years: 40.88% (male 903,896/female 921,337)
  55-64 years: 14.55% (male 314,697/female 335,007)
  65 years and over: 18.23% (male 331,889/female 482,167) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 51.1%
  youth dependency ratio: 22.5%
  elderly dependency ratio: 28.6%
  potential support ratio: 3.5% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 42.63 years
  male: 40.5 years
  female: 44.1 years (2015 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  -0.13% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 209
  Birth rate:
  9.45 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 203
  Death rate:
  12.18 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 25
  Net migration rate:
  1.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 59% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  ZAGREB (capital) 687,000 (2015)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 5.77 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 5.91 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 5.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 168
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 76.61 years
  male: 73.02 years
  female: 80.4 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 80
  Total fertility rate:
  1.46 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 201
  Health expenditures:
  7.3% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 84
  Physicians density:
  2.84 physicians/1,000 population (2011)
  Hospital bed density:
  5.9 beds/1,000 population (2012)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 99.6% of population
  rural: 99.7% of population
  total: 99.6% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 0.4% of population
  rural: 0.3% of population
  total: 0.4% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 97.8% of population
  rural: 95.8% of population
  total: 97% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 2.2% of population
  rural: 4.2% of population
  total: 3% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA
  Major infectious diseases:
  degree of risk: intermediate
  vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis
  note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  25.6% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 66
  Education expenditures:
  4.2% of GDP (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 99
  Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 99.3%
  male: 99.7%
  female: 98.9% (2015 est.)
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  total: 15 years
  male: 14 years
  female: 15 years (2012)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
  total: 43.1%
  male: 42.3%
  female: 44.3% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 9

- ## Government :: CROATIA

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Republic of Croatia
  conventional short form: Croatia
  local long form: Republika Hrvatska
  local short form: Hrvatska
  former: People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia
  Government type:
  parliamentary democracy
  Capital:
  name: Zagreb
  geographic coordinates: 45 48 N, 16 00 E
  time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
  Administrative divisions:
  20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular) with special county status; Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska(Bjelovar-Bilogora), Brodsko-Posavska (Brod-Posavina), Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka (Karlovac), Koprivnicko-Krizevacka (Koprivinica-Krizevci), Krapinsko-Zagorska (Krapina-Zagorje), Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska (Medimurje), Osjecko-Baranjska (Osijek-Baranja), Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska (Primorje-Gorski Kotar), Sibensko-Kninska (Sibenik-Knin), Sisacko-Moslavacka (Sislak-Moslavina), Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska (Varazdin), Viroviticko-Podravska (Virovitica-Podravina), Vukovarsko-Srijemska (Vukovar-Syrmia), Zadarska (Zadar), Zagreb*, Zagrebacka (Zagreb county)
  Independence:
  25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
  National holiday:
  Independence Day, 8 October (1991) and Statehood Day, 25 June (1991); note - 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian parliament voted for independence; following a three-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia
  Constitution:
  several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1990; amended several times, last in December 2013 by referendum
  Legal system:
  civil law system influenced by legal heritage of Austria-Hungary; note - Croatian law was fully harmonized with the European Community acquis as of the June 2010 completion of EU accession negotiations
  International law organization participation:
  has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (since 19 February 2015)
  head of government: Prime Minister Zoran MILANOVIC (since 23 December 2011); First Deputy Prime Minister Vesna PUSIC (since 16 November 2012)
  cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the Assembly
  elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 January 2010 (next to be held in December 2014); the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president and approved by the Assembly
  election results: Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC elected president; percent of vote in the second round - Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (HDZ) 50.7%, Ivo JOSIPOVIC 49.3%
  Legislative branch:
  description: unicameral Assembly or Hrvatski Sabor (151 seats; members directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method with a 5% threshold: 14 seats in each of 10 districts; 8 seats in a single nationwide district for minorities; 3 seats in a single special district for the Croatian diaspora, members elected for 4-year terms)
  elections: last held on 4 December 2011 (next to be held in late 2015)
  election results: percent of vote by party/coalition - Kukuriku 40.0%, HDZ-led Coalition 23.8%, Croatian Laborists-Labor Party 5.1%, HSS 3.0%, HDSSB 2.9%, Independent list of Ivan Grubisic 2.8%, HCSP-HSP AS 2.8%, other 19.6%; number of seats by party/coalition - Kukuriku 80 (SDP 61, HNS 13, IDS 3, HSU 3), HDZ-led coalition 47 (HDZ 44, HGS 2, DC 1), Croatian Laborists-Labor Party 6, HDSSB 6, SDSS 3, Independent list of Ivan Grubisic 2, HSS 1, HCSP-HSP AS 1, other 5
  note: seats by party as of 3 April 2015 - SDP 56, HDZ 41, HNS 11, HDSSB 7, HSU 4, Croatian Laborists - Labor Party 3, Reformists 3, SDSS 3, HGS 2, IDS 2, BDSH 1, DC 1, HSS 1, HSP AS 1, ORaH 1, New Wave 1, independents 13
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president and vice president, 25 civil department justices, and 16 criminal department justices)
  judge selection and term of office: president of Supreme Court nominated by president of Croatia and elected by Croatian Sabor for a 4-year term; other Supreme Court justices appointed by National Judicial Council; all judges serve until age 70
  subordinate courts: Administrative Court; county, municipal, and specialized courts; note - there is an 11-member Constitutional Court with jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues but is outside Croatia's judicial system
  Political parties and leaders:
  Bosniak Democratic Party of Croatia or BDSH [Medzad HODZIC]
  Croatian Civic Party or HGS [Zeljko KERUM]
  Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Dragan VULIN]
  Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Tomislav KARAMARKO]
  Croatian Laborists - Labor Party [Nansi TIRELI]
  Croatian Party of Rights - dr. Ante Starcevic or HSP AS [Ivan TEPES]
  Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Branko HRG]
  Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA]
  Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS [Vesna PUSIC]
  Croatian Pure Party of Rights or HCSP [Josip MILJIC]
  Democratic Centre or DC [Vesna SKARE-OZBOLT]
  HDZ-led Coalition [Tomislav KARAMARKO] (includes HDZ, HGS, and DC)
  Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]
  Independent List of Ivan Grubisic [Ivan GRUBISIC]
  Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Boris MILETIC]
  Kukuriku Coalition [Zoran MILANOVIC] (includes SDP, HNS, IDS, and HSU)
  New Wave [Liubo JURCIC]
  Reformists Party [Radimir CACIC]
  Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zoran MILANOVIC]
  Sustainable Development for Croatia or ORaH [Mirela HOLY]
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  other: human rights groups
  International organization participation:
  Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EMU, EU, FAO, G-11, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (observer), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Josip "Josko" PARO (since 20 April 2012)
  chancery: 2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 588-5899
  FAX: [1] (202) 588-8936
  consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Kenneth MERTEN (since 3 October 2012)
  embassy: 2 Thomas Jefferson Street, 10010 Zagreb
  mailing address: use embassy street address
  telephone: [385] (1) 661-2200
  FAX: [385] (1) 661-2373
  Flag description:
  three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue - the Pan-Slav colors - superimposed by the Croatian coat of arms; the coat of arms consists of one main shield (a checkerboard of 13 red and 12 silver (white) fields) surmounted by five smaller shields that form a crown over the main shield; the five small shields represent five historic regions, they are (from left to right): Croatia, Dubrovnik, Dalmatia, Istria, and Slavonia
  note: the Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia
  National symbol(s):
  red-white checkerboard; national colors: red, white, blue
  National anthem:
  name: "Lijepa nasa domovino" (Our Beautiful Homeland)
  lyrics/music: Antun MIHANOVIC/Josip RUNJANIN
  note: adopted 1972; "Lijepa nasa domovino," whose lyrics were written in 1835, served as an unofficial anthem beginning in 1891

- ## Economy :: CROATIA

- Economy - overview:
  Though still one of the wealthiest of the former Yugoslav republics, Croatia's economy suffered badly during the 1991-95 war. The country's output during that time collapsed, and Croatia missed the early waves of investment in Central and Eastern Europe that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall. Between 2000 and 2007, however, Croatia's economic fortunes began to improve with moderate but steady GDP growth between 4% and 6% led by a rebound in tourism and credit-driven consumer spending. Inflation over the same period remained tame and the currency, the kuna, stable. Croatia experienced an abrupt slowdown in the economy in 2008 and has yet to recover; economic growth was stagnant or negative in each year since 2009. Difficult problems still remain, including a stubbornly high unemployment rate, uneven regional development, and a challenging investment climate. Croatia continues to face reduced foreign investment. On 1 July 2013 Croatia joined the EU, following a decade-long application process. Croatia will be a member of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism until it meets the criteria for joining the Economic and Monetary Union and adopts the euro as its currency. EU accession has increased pressure on the government to reduce Croatia’s relatively high public debt, which triggered the EU’s excessive deficit procedure for fiscal consolidation. Zagreb has cut spending since 2012, and the government also raised additional revenues through more stringent tax collection and by raising the Value Added Tax. The government has also sought to accelerate privatization of non-strategic assets, with mixed success.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $88.49 billion (2014 est.)
  $88.84 billion (2013 est.)
  $89.68 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 86
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $57.16 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  -0.4% (2014 est.)
  -0.9% (2013 est.)
  -2.2% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 208
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $20,900 (2014 est.)
  $21,000 (2013 est.)
  $21,200 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 81
  Gross national saving:
  18.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
  19.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
  19.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 67
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 60.2%
  government consumption: 19.6%
  investment in fixed capital: 18.2%
  investment in inventories: 0%
  exports of goods and services: 46.5%
  imports of goods and services: -44.4%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 4.5%
  industry: 26.6%
  services: 68.9% (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  arable crops (wheat, corn, barley, sugar beet, sunflower, rapeseed, alfalfa, clover); vegetables (potatoes, cabbage, onion, tomato, pepper); fruits (apples, plum, mandarins, olives), grapes for wine; livestock (cattle, cows, pigs); dairy products
  Industries:
  chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism
  Industrial production growth rate:
  1.2% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 164
  Labor force:
  1.725 million (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 126
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 1.9%
  industry: 27.6%
  services: 70.4% (2014)
  Unemployment rate:
  19.7% (2014 est.)
  20.2% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 164
  Population below poverty line:
  19.5% (2014 est.)
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 3.3%
  highest 10%: 27.5% (2008 est.)
  Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  32 (2010)
  29 (1998)
  country comparison to the world: 109
  Budget:
  revenues: $19.85 billion
  expenditures: $22.3 billion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  34.7% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 44
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  -4.3% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 162
  Public debt:
  78% of GDP (2014 est.)
  67.1% of GDP (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 40
  Fiscal year:
  calendar year
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  -0.2% (2014 est.)
  2.2% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 22
  Central bank discount rate:
  7% (31 December 2013)
  7% (31 December 2012)
  country comparison to the world: 44
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  5.56% (31 December 2014 est.)
  6.24% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 110
  Stock of narrow money:
  $10.75 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $10.88 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 78
  Stock of broad money:
  $49.38 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $49.24 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 71
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $44.45 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $49.24 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 61
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $36.29 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $33.75 billion (31 December 2013 est)
  $33.44 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 64
  Current account balance:
  $1.164 billion (2014 est.)
  $475.9 million (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 51
  Exports:
  $13.75 billion (2014 est.)
  $12.75 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 83
  Exports - commodities:
  transport equipment, machinery, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels
  Exports - partners:
  Italy 13.7%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 12%, Slovenia 11.2%, Germany 11.1%, Austria 6%, Serbia 5% (2014)
  Imports:
  $22.72 billion (2014 est.)
  $21.97 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 76
  Imports - commodities:
  machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs
  Imports - partners:
  Germany 15.1%, Italy 14.1%, Slovenia 10.7%, Austria 8.6%, Hungary 6.5%, Russia 5% (2014)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $16.87 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $16.09 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 62
  Debt - external:
  $62.09 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $61.04 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 56
  Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
  $3.506 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $32.45 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 60
  Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
  $6.131 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $5.531 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 64
  Exchange rates:
  kuna (HRK) per US dollar -
  5.7493 (2014 est.)
  5.7058 (2013 est.)
  5.85 (2012 est.)
  5.3439 (2011 est.)
  5.498 (2010 est.)

- ## Energy :: CROATIA

- Electricity - production:
  13.38 billion kWh (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 86
  Electricity - consumption:
  16.97 billion kWh (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 76
  Electricity - exports:
  2.866 billion kWh (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 35
  Electricity - imports:
  6.592 billion kWh (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 36
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  4.206 million kW (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 80
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  37.1% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 156
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  7.7% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 107
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  48.5% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 48
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  6.6% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 61
  Crude oil - production:
  11,070 bbl/day (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 78
  Crude oil - exports:
  0 bbl/day (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 128
  Crude oil - imports:
  37,300 bbl/day (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  71 million bbl (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 77
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  56,650 bbl/day (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 79
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  52,550 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 83
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  29,060 bbl/day (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 68
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  32,890 bbl/day (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 95
  Natural gas - production:
  1.805 billion cu m (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Natural gas - consumption:
  2.81 billion cu m (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 73
  Natural gas - exports:
  422 million cu m (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 42
  Natural gas - imports:
  1.079 billion cu m (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 58
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  24.92 billion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 72
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  5.598 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 125

- ## Communications :: CROATIA

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 1.57 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 66
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 4.5 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 100 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 123
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: the telecommunications network has improved steadily since the mid-1990s, covering much of what were once inaccessible areas; local lines are digital
  domestic: fixed-line teledensity holding steady at about 40 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions exceed the population
  international: country code - 385; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe (TEL) fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik; the ADRIA-1 submarine cable provides connectivity to Albania and Greece (2011)
  Broadcast media:
  the national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian Radiotelevision, operates 4 terrestrial TV networks, a satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians living abroad, and 6 regional TV centers; 2 private broadcasters operate national terrestrial networks; roughly 25 privately owned regional TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; state-owned public broadcaster operates 3 national radio networks and 9 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks and more than 170 regional, county, city, and community radio stations (2012)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 16, FM 98, shortwave 5 (1999)
  Television broadcast stations:
  36 (plus 321 repeaters) (1995)
  Internet country code:
  .hr
  Internet users:
  total: 2.9 million
  percent of population: 65.1% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 86

- ## Transportation :: CROATIA

- Airports:
  69 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 72
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 24
  over 3,047 m: 2
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
  914 to 1,523 m: 3
  under 914 m: 10 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 45
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
  914 to 1,523 m: 6
  under 914 m:
  38 (2013)
  Heliports:
  1 (2013)
  Pipelines:
  gas 2,410 km; oil 610 km (2011)
  Railways:
  total: 2,722 km
  standard gauge: 2,722 km 1.435-m gauge (985 km electrified) (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 62
  Roadways:
  total: 26,958 km (includes 1,416 km of expressways) (2015)
  country comparison to the world: 97
  Waterways:
  785 km (2009)
  country comparison to the world: 73
  Merchant marine:
  total: 77
  by type: bulk carrier 24, cargo 7, chemical tanker 8, passenger/cargo 27, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 1
  foreign-owned: 2 (Norway 2)
  registered in other countries: 31 (Bahamas 1, Belize 1, Liberia 1, Malta 6, Marshall Islands 12, Panama 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8) (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Ports and terminals:
  major seaport(s): Ploce, Rijeka, Sibernik, Split
  river port(s): Vukovar (Danube)
  oil terminal(s): Omisalj

- ## Military :: CROATIA

- Military branches:
  Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (Oruzane Snage Republike Hrvatske, OSRH) consists of five major commands directly subordinate to a General Staff: Ground Forces (Hrvatska Kopnena Vojska, HKoV), Naval Forces (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, HRM; includes coast guard), Air Force and Air Defense Command (Hrvatsko Ratno Zrakoplovstvo I Protuzracna Obrana), Joint Education and Training Command, Logistics Command; Military Police Force supports each of the three Croatian military forces (2012)
  Military service age and obligation:
  18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; 6-month service obligation (2012)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 1,016,234
  females age 16-49: 1,017,355 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 770,710
  females age 16-49: 839,732 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 28,334
  female: 27,015 (2010 est.)
  Military expenditures:
  1.7% of GDP (2012)
  1.77% of GDP (2011)
  1.7% of GDP (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 51

- ## Transnational Issues :: CROATIA

- Disputes - international:
  dispute remains with Bosnia and Herzegovina over several small sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinders ratification of the 1999 border agreement; since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Pirin Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led to Slovenia lifting its objections to Croatia joining the EU; Slovenia continues to impose a hard border Schengen regime with Croatia, which joined the EU in 2013 but has not yet fulfilled Schengen requirements
  Refugees and internally displaced persons:
  stateless persons: 2,886 (2014)
  Illicit drugs:
  transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe (2008)

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