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Central America and Caribbean :: Guatemala

- ## Introduction :: GUATEMALA

- Background:
  The Maya civilization flourished in Guatemala and surrounding regions during the first millennium A.D. After almost three centuries as a Spanish colony, Guatemala won its independence in 1821. During the second half of the 20th century, it experienced a variety of military and civilian governments, as well as a 36-year guerrilla war. In 1996, the government signed a peace agreement formally ending the internal conflict, which had left more than 200,000 people dead and had created, by some estimates, about 1 million refugees.

- ## Geography :: GUATEMALA

- Location:
  Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Mexico, and bordering the Gulf of Honduras (Caribbean Sea) between Honduras and Belize
  Geographic coordinates:
  15 30 N, 90 15 W
  Map references:
  Central America and the Caribbean
  Area:
  total: 108,889 sq km
  land: 107,159 sq km
  water: 1,730 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 107
  Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
  Area comparison map:
  Land boundaries:
  total: 1,667 km
  border countries (4): Belize 266 km, El Salvador 199 km, Honduras 244 km, Mexico 958 km
  Coastline:
  400 km
  Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
  continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
  Climate:
  tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands
  Terrain:
  mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
  highest point: Volcan Tajumulco 4,211 m
  note: highest point in Central America
  Natural resources:
  petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 41.2%
  arable land 14.2%; permanent crops 8.8%; permanent pasture 18.2%
  forest: 33.6%
  other: 25.2% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  3,121 sq km (2003)
  Total renewable water resources:
  111.3 cu km (2011)
  Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
  total: 3.46 cu km/yr (15%/31%/54%)
  per capita: 259.1 cu m/yr (2006)
  Natural hazards:
  numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other tropical storms
  volcanism: significant volcanic activity in the Sierra Madre range; Santa Maria (elev. 3,772 m) has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Pacaya (elev. 2,552 m), which erupted in May 2010 causing an ashfall on Guatemala City and prompting evacuations, is one of the country's most active volcanoes with frequent eruptions since 1965; other historically active volcanoes include Acatenango, Almolonga, Atitlan, Fuego, and Tacana
  Environment - current issues:
  deforestation in the Peten rainforest; soil erosion; water pollution
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
  Geography - note:
  no natural harbors on west coast

- ## People and Society :: GUATEMALA

- Nationality:
  noun: Guatemalan(s)
  adjective: Guatemalan
  Ethnic groups:
  Mestizo (mixed Amerindian-Spanish - in local Spanish called Ladino) and European 59.4%, K'iche 9.1%, Kaqchikel 8.4%, Mam 7.9%, Q'eqchi 6.3%, other Mayan 8.6%, indigenous non-Mayan 0.2%, other 0.1% (2001 census)
  Languages:
  Spanish (official) 60%, Amerindian languages 40%
  note: there are 23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca
  Religions:
  Roman Catholic, Protestant, indigenous Mayan beliefs
  Demographic profile:
  Guatemala is a predominantly poor country that struggles in several areas of health and development, including infant, child, and maternal mortality, malnutrition, literacy, and contraceptive awareness and use. The country's large indigenous population is disproportionately affected. Guatemala is the most populous country in Central America and has the highest fertility rate in Latin America. It also has the highest population growth rate in Latin America, which is likely to continue because of its large reproductive-age population and high birth rate. Almost half of Guatemala's population is under age 19, making it the youngest population in Latin America. Guatemala's total fertility rate has slowly declined during the last few decades due in part to limited government-funded health programs. However, the birth rate is still more than three children per woman and is markedly higher among its rural and indigenous populations.
  Guatemalans have a history of emigrating legally and illegally to Mexico, the United States, and Canada because of a lack of economic opportunity, political instability, and natural disasters. Emigration, primarily to the United States, escalated during the 1960 to 1996 civil war and accelerated after a peace agreement was signed. Thousands of Guatemalans who fled to Mexico returned after the war, but labor migration to southern Mexico continues.
  Population:
  14,918,999 (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 70
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 35.57% (male 2,704,784/female 2,602,397)
  15-24 years: 21.99% (male 1,646,350/female 1,633,666)
  25-54 years: 32.93% (male 2,337,192/female 2,575,674)
  55-64 years: 5.2% (male 370,456/female 405,496)
  65 years and over: 4.31% (male 298,319/female 344,665) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 70.9%
  youth dependency ratio: 62.6%
  elderly dependency ratio: 8.3%
  potential support ratio: 12.1% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 21.4 years
  male: 20.7 years
  female: 22 years (2015 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  1.82% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 63
  Birth rate:
  24.89 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 53
  Death rate:
  4.77 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 196
  Net migration rate:
  -1.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 165
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 51.6% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 3.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  GUATEMALA CITY (capital) 2.918 million (2015)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 22.73 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 24.73 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 20.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 77
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 72.02 years
  male: 70.07 years
  female: 74.06 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 145
  Total fertility rate:
  2.9 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Health expenditures:
  6.5% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 88
  Physicians density:
  0.93 physicians/1,000 population (2009)
  Hospital bed density:
  0.6 beds/1,000 population (2011)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 98.4% of population
  rural: 86.8% of population
  total: 92.8% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 1.6% of population
  rural: 13.2% of population
  total: 7.2% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 77.5% of population
  rural: 49.3% of population
  total: 63.9% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 22.5% of population
  rural: 50.7% of population
  total: 36.1% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  0.54% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 64
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  49,100 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 56
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  1,700 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 58
  Major infectious diseases:
  degree of risk: high
  food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
  vectorborne disease: dengue fever and malaria (2013)
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  16.4% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 100
  Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
  13% (2009)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Education expenditures:
  2.8% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 139
  Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 81.5%
  male: 87.4%
  female: 76.3% (2015 est.)
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  total: 11 years
  male: 11 years
  female: 10 years (2007)
  Child labor - children ages 5-14:
  total number: 929,852
  percentage: 21%
  note: data represents children ages 5-17 (2006 est.)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
  total: 7.5%
  male: 4.5%
  female: 13.6% (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 117

- ## Government :: GUATEMALA

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Republic of Guatemala
  conventional short form: Guatemala
  local long form: Republica de Guatemala
  local short form: Guatemala
  Government type:
  constitutional democratic republic
  Capital:
  name: Guatemala City
  geographic coordinates: 14 37 N, 90 31 W
  time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  Administrative divisions:
  22 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa
  Independence:
  15 September 1821 (from Spain)
  National holiday:
  Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
  Constitution:
  several previous; latest adopted 31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; suspended, reinstated, and amended in 1993 (2013)
  Legal system:
  civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
  International law organization participation:
  has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal; note - active duty members of the armed forces and police by law cannot vote and are restricted to their barracks on election day
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Alejandro Maldonado AGUIRRE (since 3 September 2015); Vice President (vacant) (since 14 May 2015); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; President Otto Fernando PEREZ MOLINA resigned 2 September 2015 and Vice President Ingrid Roxana BALDETTI Elias resigned 8 May 2015
  head of government: President Alejandro Maldonado AGUIRRE (since 3 September 2015); Vice President (vacant); President Otto Fernando PEREZ MOLINA resigned 2 September 2015 and Vice President Ingrid Roxana BALDETTI Elias resigned 8 May 2015
  cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
  elections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (not eligible for consecutive terms); election last held in 2 rounds on 11 September and 6 November 2011 (next to be held in September 2015)
  election results: Otto Fernando PEREZ MOLINA elected president; percent of vote in second round - Otto Fernando PEREZ MOLINA (PP) 53.7%, Manuel BALDIZON (LIDER) 46.3%
  Legislative branch:
  description: unicameral Congress of the Republic or Congreso de la Republica (158 seats; 127 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies within each of the country's 22 departments by simple majority vote and 31 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
  elections: last held on 11 September 2011 (first round held on 6 September 2015; runoff to be held in October 2015)
  election results: percent of vote by party - PP 26.62%, UNE-GANA 22.67%, UNC 9.50%, LIDER 8.87%, CREO 8.67%, VIVA-EG 7.87%, Winaq-URNG-ANN 3.23%, PAN 3.12%, FRG 2.74%, PU 2.70%, other 3.59%; seats by party - PP 57, UNE-GANA 48, LIDER 14, UCN 14, CREO 12, VIVA-EG 6, PAN 2, Winaq-URNG-ANN 2, FRG 1, PU 1, Victoria 1; note - changes in party affiliation now reflect the following seat distribution: as of 1 May 2015 - LIDER 62, PP 37, UNE 23, TODOS 10, CREO 8, EG 3, PRI 2, PU 1, UCN 1, URNG 1, Victoria 1, VIVA 1, Winaq 1, independents 7
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 13 magistrates including the court president and organized into 3 chambers); note - the court president also supervises trial judges countrywide; Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitucionalidad (consists of 5 judges and 5 alternates)
  judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court magistrates elected by the Congress of the Republic from candidates proposed by the Postulation Committee, an independent body of deans of the country's university law schools, representatives of the country's law associations, and representatives of the Courts of Appeal; magistrates elected for concurrent, renewable 5-year terms; Constitutional Court judges - 1 elected by the Congress of the Republic, 1 by the Supreme Court, 1 by the president of the republic, 1 by the (public) University of San Carlos, and 1 by the lawyers bar association; judges elected for concurrent, renewable 5-year terms; the presidency of the court rotates among the magistrates for a single 1-year term
  subordinate courts: numerous first instance and appellate courts
  Political parties and leaders:
  Commitment, Renewal, and Order or CREO [Roberto GONZALEZ Diaz-Duran]
  Democratic Union or UD [Edwin Armando MARTINEZ Herrera]
  Encounter for Guatemala or EG [Nineth MONTENEGRO Cottom]
  Everyone Together for Guatemala or TODOS [Felipe ALEJOS]
  Grand National Alliance or GANA [Jaime Antonio MARTINEZ Lohayza]
  Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or URNG [Angel SANCHEZ Viesca]
  Institutional Republican Party (formerly the Guatemalan Republican Front) or PRI [Luis Fernando PEREZ]
  National Advancement Party or PAN [Juan GUTIERREZ Strauss]
  National Unity for Hope or UNE [Sandra TORRES]
  Nationalist Change Union or UCN [Mario ESTRADA]
  New National Alternative or ANN [Pablo MONSANTO]
  Patriot Party or PP [Ingrid Roxana BALDETTI Elias]
  Renewed Democratic Liberty or LIDER [Manuel BALDIZON]
  Unionista Party or PU [Alvaro ARZU Irigoyen]
  Victoria (Victory) [Amilcar RIVERA]
  Vision with Values or VIVA [Harold CABALLEROS] (part of a coalition with EG during the last legislative election)
  Winaq [Rigoberta MENCHU]
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  Alliance Against Impunity or AI (includes among others Center for Legal Action on Human Rights (CALDH), Family and Friends of the Disappeared of Guatemala (FAMDEGUA))
  Civic and Political Convergence of Women
  Committee for Campesino Unity or CUC
  Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations or CACIF
  Foundation for the Development of Guatemala or FUNDESA
  Guatemala Visible
  Mutual Support Group or GAM
  Movimiento PRO-Justicia
  National Union of Agriculture Workers or UNAGRO
  International organization participation:
  BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Jose Julio Alejandro LIGORRIA Carballido (since 5 September 2013)
  chancery: 2220 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 745-4952
  FAX: [1] (202) 745-1908
  consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, McAllen (TX), Miami, New York, Phoenix, Providence (RI), San Francisco, Silver Spring (MD), Tucson (AZ)
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Todd D. ROBINSON (since 10 October 2014)
  embassy: 7-01 Avenida Reforma, Zone 10, Guatemala City
  mailing address: DPO AA 34024
  telephone: [502] 2326-4000
  FAX: [502] 2326-4654
  Flag description:
  three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue, with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) representing liberty and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles signifying Guatemala's willingness to defend itself and a pair of crossed swords representing honor and framed by a laurel wreath symbolizing victory; the blue bands represent the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea; the white band denotes peace and purity
  National symbol(s):
  quetzal (bird); national colors: blue, white
  National anthem:
  name: "Himno Nacional de Guatemala" (National Anthem of Guatemala)
  lyrics/music: Jose Joaquin PALMA/Rafael Alvarez OVALLE
  note: adopted 1897, modified lyrics adopted 1934; Cuban poet Jose Joaquin PALMA anonymously submitted lyrics to a public contest calling for a national anthem; his authorship was not discovered until 1911

- ## Economy :: GUATEMALA

- Economy - overview:
  Guatemala is the most populous country in Central America with a GDP per capita roughly one-half that of the average for Latin America and the Caribbean. The agricultural sector accounts for 13.7% of GDP and 32% of the labor force; key agricultural exports include sugar, coffee, bananas, and vegetables. The 1996 peace accords, which ended 36 years of civil war, removed a major obstacle to foreign investment, and since then Guatemala has pursued important reforms and macroeconomic stabilization. The Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) entered into force in July 2006, spurring increased investment and diversification of exports, with the largest increases in ethanol and non-traditional agricultural exports. While CAFTA-DR has helped improve the investment climate, concerns over security, the lack of skilled workers, and poor infrastructure continue to hamper foreign direct investment. The distribution of income remains highly unequal with the richest 20% of the population accounting for more than 51% of Guatemala's overall consumption. More than half of the population is below the national poverty line, and 13% of the population lives in extreme poverty. Poverty among indigenous groups, which make up more than 40% of the population, averages 73%, with 22% of the indigenous population living in extreme poverty. Nearly one-half of Guatemala's children under age five are chronically malnourished, one of the highest malnutrition rates in the world. Guatemala is the top remittance recipient in Central America as a result of Guatemala's large expatriate community in the United States. These inflows are a primary source of foreign income, equivalent to one-half of the country's exports or one-tenth of its GDP. In November 2014 along with his counterparts from El Salvador and Honduras, President PEREZ MOLINA announced the “Plan of the Alliance for Prosperity in the Northern Triangle.” This plan seeks to address the challenges facing the three Northern Triangle countries, including steps the governments will take to stimulate economic growth, increase transparency and fiscal responsibility, reduce violence, modernize the justice system, improve infrastructure, and promote educational opportunities over the next several years.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $119.1 billion (2014 est.)
  $114.5 billion (2013 est.)
  $110.4 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 79
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $60.42 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  4% (2014 est.)
  3.7% (2013 est.)
  3% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 93
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $7,500 (2014 est.)
  $7,200 (2013 est.)
  $7,000 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 151
  Gross national saving:
  11.7% of GDP (2014 est.)
  11.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
  12.4% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 135
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 85.8%
  government consumption: 10.6%
  investment in fixed capital: 14.3%
  investment in inventories: 0.6%
  exports of goods and services: 23.6%
  imports of goods and services: -34.9%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 13.3%
  industry: 23.5%
  services: 63.2% (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  sugarcane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans, cardamom; cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens
  Industries:
  sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism
  Industrial production growth rate:
  3% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 100
  Labor force:
  4.576 million (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 88
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 38%
  industry: 14%
  services: 48% (2011 est.)
  Unemployment rate:
  4.1% (2011 est.)
  3.5% (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 35
  Population below poverty line:
  54% (2011 est.)
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 1.3%
  highest 10%: 42.4% (2006)
  Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  55.1 (2007)
  55.8 (1998)
  country comparison to the world: 10
  Budget:
  revenues: $6.785 billion
  expenditures: $8.137 billion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  11.6% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 203
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  -2.3% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 91
  Public debt:
  29.9% of GDP (2014 est.)
  30.3% of GDP (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 128
  Fiscal year:
  calendar year
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  3.4% (2014 est.)
  4.3% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 145
  Central bank discount rate:
  6.5% (31 December 2010)
  country comparison to the world: 53
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  13.6% (31 December 2014 est.)
  13.6% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 53
  Stock of narrow money:
  $8.905 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $8.311 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 82
  Stock of broad money:
  $23.83 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  $22.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 84
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $25.68 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $23.02 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 79
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $NA
  Current account balance:
  -$1.394 billion (2014 est.)
  -$1.515 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 138
  Exports:
  $10.6 billion (2014 est.)
  $10.19 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 94
  Exports - commodities:
  sugar, coffee, petroleum, apparel, bananas, fruits and vegetables, cardamom, manufacturing products, precious stones and metals, electricity
  Exports - partners:
  US 36.1%, El Salvador 11.8%, Honduras 8.3%, Nicaragua 4.8%, Mexico 4.1% (2014)
  Imports:
  $17.15 billion (2014 est.)
  $16.36 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 81
  Imports - commodities:
  fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, grain, fertilizers, electricity, mineral products, chemical products, plastic materials and products
  Imports - partners:
  US 40.3%, Mexico 10.7%, China 9.8%, El Salvador 4.6% (2014)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $7.546 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $7.269 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 82
  Debt - external:
  $15.94 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $15.58 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 93
  Exchange rates:
  quetzales (GTQ) per US dollar -
  7.833 (2014 est.)
  7.8568 (2013 est.)
  7.83 (2012 est.)
  7.7854 (2011 est.)
  8.0578 (2010 est.)

- ## Energy :: GUATEMALA

- Electricity - production:
  8.361 billion kWh (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 99
  Electricity - consumption:
  8.143 billion kWh (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 96
  Electricity - exports:
  346 million kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 73
  Electricity - imports:
  372 million kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 84
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  2.813 million kW (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 95
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  55.8% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 142
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 101
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  31.7% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 72
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  12.5% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 25
  Crude oil - production:
  13,990 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 81
  Crude oil - exports:
  10,960 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 58
  Crude oil - imports:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 195
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  83.07 million bbl (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 73
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  1,253 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 110
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  80,330 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 85
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  4,911 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 91
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  71,390 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 60
  Natural gas - production:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 140
  Natural gas - consumption:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 151
  Natural gas - exports:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 109
  Natural gas - imports:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 202
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  2.96 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 95
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  13.07 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 95

- ## Communications :: GUATEMALA

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 1.72 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 65
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 16.9 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 115 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 63
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: fairly modern network centered in the city of Guatemala
  domestic: state-owned telecommunications company privatized in the late 1990s opening the way for competition; fixed-line teledensity roughly 10 per 100 persons; fixed-line investments are being concentrated on improving rural connectivity; mobile-cellular teledensity approaching 140 per 100 persons
  international: country code - 502; landing point for both the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the SAM-1 fiber optic submarine cable system that, together, provide connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2013)
  Broadcast media:
  4 privately owned national terrestrial TV channels dominate TV broadcasting; multi-channel satellite and cable services are available; 1 government-owned radio station and hundreds of privately owned radio stations (2007)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 130, FM 487, shortwave 15 (2000)
  Television broadcast stations:
  26 (plus 27 repeaters) (1997)
  Internet country code:
  .gt
  Internet users:
  total: 2.5 million
  percent of population: 17.1% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 90

- ## Transportation :: GUATEMALA

- Airports:
  291 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 23
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 16
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
  914 to 1,523 m: 6
  under 914 m: 4 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 275
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
  914 to 1,523 m: 77
  under 914 m:
  195 (2013)
  Heliports:
  1 (2013)
  Pipelines:
  oil 480 km (2013)
  Railways:
  total: 800 km
  narrow gauge: 800 km 0.914-m gauge (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 119
  Roadways:
  total: 11,501 km
  paved: 6,797 km (includes 127 km of expressways)
  unpaved: 4,704 km (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 130
  Waterways:
  990 km (260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during high-water season) (2012)
  country comparison to the world: 65
  Ports and terminals:
  major seaport(s): Puerto Quetzal, Santo Tomas de Castilla

- ## Military :: GUATEMALA

- Military branches:
  National Army of Guatemala (Ejercito Nacional de Guatemala, ENG; includes Guatemalan Navy (Fuerza de Mar, including Marines) and Guatemalan Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Guatemalteca, FAG)) (2013)
  Military service age and obligation:
  all male citizens between the ages of 18 and 50 are eligible for military service; in practice, most of the force is volunteer, however, a selective draft system is employed, resulting in a small portion of 17-21 year-olds conscripted; conscript service obligation varies from 1 to 2 years; women can serve as officers (2013)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 3,165,870
  females age 16-49: 3,371,217 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 2,590,843
  females age 16-49: 2,926,544 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 171,092
  female: 168,151 (2010 est.)
  Military expenditures:
  0.42% of GDP (2012)
  0.41% of GDP (2011)
  0.42% of GDP (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 129

- ## Transnational Issues :: GUATEMALA

- Disputes - international:
  annual ministerial meetings under the Organization of American States-initiated Agreement on the Framework for Negotiations and Confidence Building Measures continue to address Guatemalan land and maritime claims in Belize and the Caribbean Sea; Guatemala persists in its territorial claim to half of Belize, but agrees to Line of Adjacency to keep Guatemalan squatters out of Belize's forested interior; both countries agreed in April 2012 to hold simultaneous referenda, scheduled for 6 October 2013, to decide whether to refer the dispute to the ICJ for binding resolution, but this vote was suspended indefinitely; Mexico must deal with thousands of impoverished Guatemalans and other Central Americans who cross the porous border looking for work in Mexico and the United States
  Refugees and internally displaced persons:
  IDPs: at least 248,500 (more than three decades of internal conflict that ended in 1996 displaced mainly the indigenous Maya population and rural peasants; ongoing drug cartel and gang violence) (2014) (2011)
  Illicit drugs:
  major transit country for cocaine and heroin; in 2005, cultivated 100 hectares of opium poppy after reemerging as a potential source of opium in 2004; potential production of less than 1 metric ton of pure heroin; marijuana cultivation for mostly domestic consumption; proximity to Mexico makes Guatemala a major staging area for drugs (particularly for cocaine); money laundering is a serious problem; corruption is a major problem

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