# Library

ABOUT REFERENCES APPENDICES FAQs CONTACT

Africa :: Djibouti

- ## Introduction :: DJIBOUTI

- Background:
  The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one-party state and proceeded to serve as president until 1999. Unrest among the Afar minority during the 1990s led to a civil war that ended in 2001 with a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Somali Issa-dominated government. In 1999, Djibouti's first multiparty presidential election resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH as president; he was reelected to a second term in 2005 and extended his tenure in office via a constitutional amendment, which allowed him to begin a third term in 2011. Djibouti occupies a strategic geographic location at the intersection of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden and serves as an important shipping portal for goods entering and leaving the east African highlands and transshipments between Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The government holds longstanding ties to France, which maintains a significant military presence in the country, and has strong ties with the United States. Djibouti hosts several thousand members of US armed services at US-run Camp Lemonnier.

- ## Geography :: DJIBOUTI

- Location:
  Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia
  Geographic coordinates:
  11 30 N, 43 00 E
  Map references:
  Africa
  Area:
  total: 23,200 sq km
  land: 23,180 sq km
  water: 20 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 151
  Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than New Jersey
  Area comparison map:
  Land boundaries:
  total: 528 km
  border countries (3): Eritrea 125 km, Ethiopia 342 km, Somalia 61 km
  Coastline:
  314 km
  Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  contiguous zone: 24 nm
  exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
  Climate:
  desert; torrid, dry
  Terrain:
  coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m
  highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m
  Natural resources:
  potential geothermal power, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 73.4%
  arable land 0.1%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 73.3%
  forest: 0.2%
  other: 26.4% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  10.12 sq km (2003)
  Total renewable water resources:
  0.3 cu km (2011)
  Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
  total: 0.02 cu km/yr (84%/0%/16%)
  per capita: 24.84 cu m/yr (2000)
  Natural hazards:
  earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods
  volcanism: experiences limited volcanic activity; Ardoukoba (elev. 298 m) last erupted in 1978; Manda-Inakir, located along the Ethiopian border, is also historically active
  Environment - current issues:
  inadequate supplies of potable water; limited arable land; desertification; endangered species
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
  Geography - note:
  strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa and the saltiest lake in the world

- ## People and Society :: DJIBOUTI

- Nationality:
  noun: Djiboutian(s)
  adjective: Djiboutian
  Ethnic groups:
  Somali 60%, Afar 35%, other 5% (includes French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian)
  Languages:
  French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar
  Religions:
  Muslim 94%, Christian 6%
  Population:
  828,324 (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 163
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 32.31% (male 134,166/female 133,479)
  15-24 years: 21.82% (male 85,021/female 95,706)
  25-54 years: 37.59% (male 129,382/female 182,021)
  55-64 years: 4.67% (male 17,970/female 20,689)
  65 years and over: 3.61% (male 13,422/female 16,468) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 58.5%
  youth dependency ratio: 51.9%
  elderly dependency ratio: 6.6%
  potential support ratio: 15.1% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 23.2 years
  male: 21.5 years
  female: 24.5 years (2015 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  2.2% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 40
  Birth rate:
  23.65 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 64
  Death rate:
  7.73 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 105
  Net migration rate:
  6.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 20
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 77.3% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 1.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  DJIBOUTI (capital) 529,000 (2015)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 0.89 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 0.71 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 0.87 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.85 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 48.7 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 55.79 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 41.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 39
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 62.79 years
  male: 60.28 years
  female: 65.37 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 188
  Total fertility rate:
  2.39 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 83
  Contraceptive prevalence rate:
  19% (2012)
  Health expenditures:
  8.9% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 44
  Physicians density:
  0.23 physicians/1,000 population (2006)
  Hospital bed density:
  1.4 beds/1,000 population (2012)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 97.4% of population
  rural: 64.7% of population
  total: 90% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 2.6% of population
  rural: 35.3% of population
  total: 10% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 59.8% of population
  rural: 5.1% of population
  total: 47.4% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 40.2% of population
  rural: 94.9% of population
  total: 52.6% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  1.59% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 32
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  9,900 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 93
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  600 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 80
  Major infectious diseases:
  degree of risk: high
  food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
  vectorborne disease: dengue fever
  note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  8.5% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 134
  Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
  29.8% (2012)
  country comparison to the world: 14
  Education expenditures:
  4.5% of GDP (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 11
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  total: 6 years
  male: 7 years
  female: 6 years (2011)
  Child labor - children ages 5-14:
  total number: 13,176
  percentage: 8% (2006 est.)

- ## Government :: DJIBOUTI

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti
  conventional short form: Djibouti
  local long form: Republique de Djibouti/Jumhuriyat Jibuti
  local short form: Djibouti/Jibuti
  former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland
  Government type:
  republic
  Capital:
  name: Djibouti
  geographic coordinates: 11 35 N, 43 09 E
  time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  Administrative divisions:
  6 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); Ali Sabieh, Arta, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjourah
  Independence:
  27 June 1977 (from France)
  National holiday:
  Independence Day, 27 June (1977)
  Constitution:
  approved by referendum 4 September 1992; amended 2006, 2008, 2010 (2010)
  Legal system:
  mixed legal system based primarily on the French civil code (as it existed in 1997), Islamic religious law (in matters of family law and successions), and customary law
  International law organization participation:
  accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999)
  head of government: Prime Minister Abdoulkader Kamil MOHAMED (since 1 April 2013)
  cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
  elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term; (constitution amended in 2010 to allow a third term); election last held on 8 April 2011 (next to be held by 2016); prime minister appointed by the president
  election results: Ismail Omar GUELLEH reelected president for a third term; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH (RPP) 80.6%, Mohamed Warsama RAGUEH (independent) 19.4%
  Legislative branch:
  description: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale, formerly the Chamber of Deputies (65 seats; 52 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 13 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - in 2012, the electoral law was modified to include proportional representation for 13 seats
  elections: last held on 22 February 2013 (next to be held in 2018)
  election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats - UMP (coalition of parties associated with President Ismail Omar GUELLEH) 49, USN 16
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA magistrates); Constitutional Council (consists of 6 magistrates)
  judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court magistrates appointed by the president with the advice of the Superior Council of the Magistracy; magistrates appointed for life with retirement at age 65; Constitutional magistrates - 2 appointed by the president, 2 by the president of the National Assembly, and 2 by High Council of the Judiciary; magistrates appointed for 8-year, non-renewable terms
  subordinate courts: High Court of Appeal; 5 Courts of First Instance; customary courts
  Political parties and leaders:
  Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]
  Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]
  Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]
  Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]
  Movement for Development and Liberty or MODEL [Sheikh Guirreh MEIDAL]
  People's Rally for Progress or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party)
  Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon FARAH]
  Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed YOUSSOUF]
  Union for a Presidential Majority or UMP (a coalition of parties including RPP, FRUD, PND, and PPSD)
  Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [Ismail GUEDI Hared]
  Union for National Salvation or USN (an umbrella coalition comprising PRD, PDD, MODEL, ARD, and UDJ) [Ahmed Youssouf HOUMER]
  International organization participation:
  ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Roble OLHAYE Oudine (since 22 March 1988)
  chancery: 1156 15th Street NW, Suite 515, Washington, DC 20005
  telephone: [1] (202) 331-0270
  FAX: [1] (202) 331-0302
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas P. KELLY III (since 13 October 2014)
  embassy: Lot 350-B, Haramouss, Djibouti
  mailing address: B. P. 185, Djibouti
  telephone: [253] 21 45 30 00
  FAX: [253] 21 45 31 29
  Flag description:
  two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center; blue stands for sea and sky and the Issa Somali people; green symbolizes earth and the Afar people; white represents peace; the red star recalls the struggle for independence and stands for unity
  National symbol(s):
  red star; national colors: light blue, green, white, red
  National anthem:
  name: "Jabuuti" (Djibouti)
  lyrics/music: Aden ELMI/Abdi ROBLEH
  note: adopted 1977

- ## Economy :: DJIBOUTI

- Economy - overview:
  Djibouti's economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location as a deepwater port on the Red Sea. Three-fourths of Djibouti's inhabitants live in the capital city; the remainder are mostly nomadic herders. Scant rainfall limits crop production to small quantities of fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. Imports, exports, and reexports - primarily of coffee from landlocked neighbor Ethiopia - represent 70% of port activity at Djibouti's container terminal. Djibouti has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of nearly 60% continues to be a major problem. While inflation is not a concern, due to the fixed tie of the Djiboutian franc to the US dollar, the artificially high value of the Djiboutian franc adversely affects Djibouti's balance of payments. Djibouti’s reliance on diesel-generated electricity and imported food and water leave average consumers vulnerable to global price shocks. The government has emphasized infrastructure development for transportation and energy and Djibouti – with the help of foreign partners – has begun to increase and modernize its port capacity.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $2.865 billion (2014 est.)
  $2.703 billion (2013 est.)
  $2.574 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 187
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $1.589 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  6% (2014 est.)
  5% (2013 est.)
  4.8% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 47
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $3,100 (2014 est.)
  $2,900 (2013 est.)
  $2,700 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 190
  Gross national saving:
  20.7% of GDP (2014 est.)
  6.1% of GDP (2013 est.)
  7.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 149
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 56.5%
  government consumption: 25.7%
  investment in fixed capital: 35.5%
  investment in inventories: 0.4%
  exports of goods and services: 32.9%
  imports of goods and services: -51%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 2.9%
  industry: 16.6%
  services: 80.5% (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels, animal hides
  Industries:
  construction, agricultural processing, shipping
  Industrial production growth rate:
  4.3% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 64
  Labor force:
  294,600 (2012)
  country comparison to the world: 164
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: NA%
  industry: NA%
  services: NA%
  Unemployment rate:
  60% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 199
  Population below poverty line:
  18.8%
  note: percent of population below $1.25 per day at purchasing power parity (2012 est.)
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 2.4%
  highest 10%: 30.9% (2002)
  Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  40.9 (2002)
  country comparison to the world: 53
  Budget:
  revenues: $563.3 million
  expenditures: $647.7 million (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  35.6% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 59
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  -5.3% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 176
  Public debt:
  38.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 100
  Fiscal year:
  calendar year
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  2.9% (2014 est.)
  3.5% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 124
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  10.5% (31 December 2014 est.)
  11% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 79
  Stock of narrow money:
  $1.011 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $877 million (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 151
  Stock of broad money:
  $1.43 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $1.24 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 162
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $569.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)
  $494.1 million (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 166
  Current account balance:
  -$436 million (2014 est.)
  -$136.2 million (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 80
  Exports:
  $119.5 million (2014 est.)
  $114.1 million (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 188
  Exports - commodities:
  reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit), scrap metal
  Exports - partners:
  Somalia 82.9%, Yemen 5%, UAE 4.4% (2014)
  Imports:
  $612.1 million (2014 est.)
  $575 million (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 189
  Imports - commodities:
  foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, clothing
  Imports - partners:
  China 29.3%, Saudi Arabia 16.3%, Indonesia 8%, India 7.7% (2014)
  Debt - external:
  $891.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)
  $863.6 million (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 165
  Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
  $790.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)
  $645.6 million (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 107
  Exchange rates:
  Djiboutian francs (DJF) per US dollar -
  177.7 (2014 est.)
  177.72 (2013 est.)
  177.72 (2012 est.)
  177.72 (2011 est.)
  177.72 (2010 est.)

- ## Energy :: DJIBOUTI

- Electricity - production:
  330 million kWh (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 170
  Electricity - consumption:
  306.9 million kWh (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 177
  Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 131
  Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 138
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  130,000 kW (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 171
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  100% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 12
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 77
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 168
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 173
  Crude oil - production:
  0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 168
  Crude oil - exports:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 102
  Crude oil - imports:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 178
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  0 bbl (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 124
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 137
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  11,680 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 151
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  19 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 124
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  8,089 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 135
  Natural gas - production:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 123
  Natural gas - consumption:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 137
  Natural gas - exports:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 86
  Natural gas - imports:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 185
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 130
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  1.796 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 152

- ## Communications :: DJIBOUTI

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 21,900
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 181
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 287,000
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 177
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate, as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country
  domestic: Djibouti Telecom is the sole provider of telecommunications services and utilizes mostly a microwave radio relay network; fiber-optic cable is installed in the capital; rural areas connected via wireless local loop radio systems; mobile cellular coverage is primarily limited to the area in and around Djibouti city
  international: country code - 253; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable systems providing links to Asia, the Middle East, Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Indian Ocean and 1 Arabsat); Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network (2009)
  Broadcast media:
  state-owned Radiodiffusion-Television de Djibouti operates the sole terrestrial TV station, as well as the only 2 domestic radio networks; no private TV or radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001)
  Television broadcast stations:
  1 (2001)
  Internet country code:
  .dj
  Internet users:
  total: 73,500
  percent of population: 9.1% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 178

- ## Transportation :: DJIBOUTI

- Airports:
  13 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 152
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 3
  over 3,047 m: 1
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 10
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
  914 to 1,523 m: 7
  under 914 m:
  2 (2013)
  Railways:
  total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the 781 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway)
  narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge
  note: railway is under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia but is largely inoperable (2008)
  country comparison to the world: 128
  Roadways:
  total: 3,065 km
  paved: 1,226 km
  unpaved: 1,839 km (2000)
  country comparison to the world: 166
  Ports and terminals:
  major seaport(s): Djibouti
  Transportation - note:
  while attacks decreased significantly in 2012, the International Maritime Bureau reports offshore waters in the Gulf of Aden remain a high risk for piracy; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, contributed to the drop in incidents

- ## Military :: DJIBOUTI

- Military branches:
  Djibouti Armed Forces (Forces Armees Djiboutiennes, FAD): Djibouti National Army (includes Navy, Djiboutian Air Force (Force Aerienne Djiboutienne, FAD), National Gendarmerie (GN)) (2013)
  Military service age and obligation:
  18 years of age for voluntary military service; 16-25 years of age for voluntary military training; no conscription (2012)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 170,386
  females age 16-49: 221,411 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 114,557
  females age 16-49: 154,173 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 8,360
  female: 8,602 (2010 est.)

- ## Transnational Issues :: DJIBOUTI

- Disputes - international:
  Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with "Somaliland" leadership while maintaining some political ties to various factions in Somalia; Kuwait is chief investor in the 2008 restoration and upgrade of the Ethiopian-Djibouti rail link; in 2008, Eritrean troops moved across the border on Ras Doumera peninsula and occupied Doumera Island with undefined sovereignty in the Red Sea
  Refugees and internally displaced persons:
  refugees (country of origin): 25,219 (Yemen); 11,931 (Somalia) (2015)
  Trafficking in persons:
  current situation: Djibouti is a transit, source, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; economic migrants from East Africa en route to Yemen and other Middle East locations are vulnerable to exploitation in Djibouti; some women and girls may be forced into domestic servitude or prostitution after reaching Djibouti City, the Ethiopia-Djibouti trucking corridor, or Obock – the main crossing point into Yemen; Djiboutian and foreign children may be forced to beg, to work as domestic servants, or to commit theft and other petty crimes
  tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List – Djibouti does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute a significant effort toward meeting the minimum standards for eliminating human trafficking; a national action plan was completed in 2014, but tangible efforts to prevent trafficking were minimal; authorities failed to investigate or prosecute any forced labor of child prostitution crimes, and no victim identifications were reported in 2013; foreign victims were deported to countries where they could face retribution (2014)

GO TOP