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Europe :: Sweden

- ## Introduction :: SWEDEN

- Background:
  A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war for two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both world wars. Sweden's long-successful economic formula of a capitalist system intermixed with substantial welfare elements was challenged in the 1990s by high unemployment and in 2000-02 and 2009 by the global economic downturns, but fiscal discipline over the past several years has allowed the country to weather economic vagaries. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum.

- ## Geography :: SWEDEN

- Location:
  Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway
  Geographic coordinates:
  62 00 N, 15 00 E
  Map references:
  Europe
  Area:
  total: 450,295 sq km
  land: 410,335 sq km
  water: 39,960 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 56
  Area - comparative:
  slightly larger than California
  Land boundaries:
  total: 2,211 km
  border countries (2): Finland 545 km, Norway 1,666 km
  Coastline:
  3,218 km
  Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)
  exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlines
  continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
  Climate:
  temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
  Terrain:
  mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.4 m
  highest point: Kebnekaise 2,111 m
  Natural resources:
  iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber, hydropower
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 7.5%
  arable land 6.4%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 1.1%
  forest: 68.7%
  other: 23.8% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  1,597 sq km (2007)
  Total renewable water resources:
  174 cu km (2011)
  Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
  total: 2.62 cu km/yr (37%/59%/4%)
  per capita: 285.6 cu m/yr (2007)
  Natural hazards:
  ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic
  Environment - current issues:
  acid rain damage to soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
  Geography - note:
  strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas

- ## People and Society :: SWEDEN

- Nationality:
  noun: Swede(s)
  adjective: Swedish
  Ethnic groups:
  indigenous population: Swedes with Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks
  Languages:
  Swedish (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
  Religions:
  Lutheran 87%, other (includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist) 13%
  Population:
  9,801,616 (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 91
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 17.12% (male 863,125/female 814,803)
  15-24 years: 11.97% (male 603,615/female 569,289)
  25-54 years: 39.3% (male 1,957,869/female 1,894,064)
  55-64 years: 11.63% (male 571,318/female 568,293)
  65 years and over: 19.99% (male 900,070/female 1,059,170) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 59.3%
  youth dependency ratio: 27.5%
  elderly dependency ratio: 31.8%
  potential support ratio: 3.1% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 41.2 years
  male: 40.2 years
  female: 42.2 years (2015 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  0.8% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 139
  Birth rate:
  11.99 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 166
  Death rate:
  9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 59
  Net migration rate:
  5.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 25
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 85.8% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 0.83% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  STOCKHOLM (capital) 1.486 million (2015)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female
  total population: 1 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 2.6 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 2.87 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 2.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 217
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 81.98 years
  male: 80.09 years
  female: 83.99 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 15
  Total fertility rate:
  1.88 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 141
  Health expenditures:
  9.7% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 27
  Physicians density:
  3.93 physicians/1,000 population (2011)
  Hospital bed density:
  2.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 100% of population
  rural: 100% of population
  total: 100% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 0% of population
  rural: 0% of population
  total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 99.3% of population
  rural: 99.6% of population
  total: 99.3% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 0.7% of population
  rural: 0.4% of population
  total: 0.7% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  0.18% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 99
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  100 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 108
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  22% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 104
  Education expenditures:
  6.8% of GDP (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 20
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  total: 16 years
  male: 15 years
  female: 17 years (2012)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
  total: 23.7%
  male: 25%
  female: 22.3% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 40

- ## Government :: SWEDEN

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden
  conventional short form: Sweden
  local long form: Konungariket Sverige
  local short form: Sverige
  Government type:
  constitutional monarchy
  Capital:
  name: Stockholm
  geographic coordinates: 59 20 N, 18 03 E
  time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
  Administrative divisions:
  21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarna, Gavleborg, Gotland, Halland, Jamtland, Jonkoping, Kalmar, Kronoberg, Norrbotten, Orebro, Ostergotland, Skane, Sodermanland, Stockholm, Uppsala, Varmland, Vasterbotten, Vasternorrland, Vastmanland, Vastra Gotaland
  Independence:
  6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)
  National holiday:
  National Day, 6 June (1983); note - from 1916 to 1982 this date was celebrated as Swedish Flag Day
  Constitution:
  several previous; latest adopted 1 January 1975; amended several times, last in 2015 (2015)
  Legal system:
  civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and customary law
  International law organization participation:
  accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the monarch (born 14 July 1977)
  head of government: Prime Minister Stefan LOFVEN (since 3 October 2014); Deputy Prime Minister Asa ROMSON (since 3 October 2014)
  cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister
  elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister
  Legislative branch:
  description: unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; 310 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 39 members in "at-large" seats directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
  elections: last held on 14 September 2014 (next to be held in September 2018)
  election results: percent of vote by party - SAP 31.0%, M 23.3%, SD 12.9%, MP 6.9%, C 6.1%, V 5.7%, FP 5.4%, KD 4.5%, others 4.1%; seats by party - SAP 113, M 84, SD 49, MP 25, C 22, V 21, FP 19, KD 16
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Supreme Court of Sweden (consists of 16 justices including the court chairman; Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 18 justices including the court president)
  judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court justices nominated by the Board of Judges, a 9-member nominating body consisting of high-level judges, prosecutors, and members of Parliament; justices appointed by the Government; following a probationary period, justices' appointments are permanent
  subordinate courts: first instance and appellate general and administrative courts; specialized courts that handle cases such as land and environment, immigration, labor, markets, and patents
  Political parties and leaders:
  Center Party (Centerpartiet) or C [Annie LOOF]
  Christian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna) or KD [Goran HAGGLUND]
  Green Party (Miljopartiet de Grona) or MP [spokespersons Asa ROMSON and Gustav FRIDOLIN]
  Left Party (Vansterpartiet) (formerly Communist Party) or V [Jonas SJOSTEDT]
  Liberal People's Party (Folkpartiet) or FP [Jan BJORKLUND]
  Moderate Party (Moderaterna) or M [Anna KINBERG BATRA]
  Social Democratic Party (Socialdemokraterna) or SAP [Stefan LOFVEN]
  Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) or SD [Jimmie AKESSON]
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  Swedish Confederation of Professional Associations or SACO
  Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees or TCO
  Swedish Trade Union Confederation (Landsorganisationen) or LO [Wanja LUNDBY-WEDIN]
  other: environmental groups; media
  International organization participation:
  ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Bjorn O. LYRVALL (since 12 September 2013)
  chancery: The House of Sweden, 2900 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
  telephone: [1] (202) 467-2600
  FAX: [1] (202) 467-2699
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Mark Francis BRZEZINSKI (since 14 November 2011)
  embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds Vag 31, SE-11589 Stockholm
  mailing address: American Embassy Stockholm, US Department of State, 5750 Stockholm Place, Washington, DC 20521-5750
  telephone: [46] (08) 783 53 00
  FAX: [46] (08) 661 19 64
  Flag description:
  blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the colors reflect those of the Swedish coat of arms - three gold crowns on a blue field
  National symbol(s):
  three crowns, lion; national colors: blue, yellow
  National anthem:
  name: "Du Gamla, Du Fria" (Thou Ancient, Thou Free)
  lyrics/music: Richard DYBECK/traditional
  note: in use since 1844; also known as "Sang till Norden" (Song of the North), is based on a Swedish folk tune; it has never been officially adopted by the government; "Kungssangen" (The King's Song) serves as the royal anthem and is played in the presence of the royal family and during certain state ceremonies

- ## Economy :: SWEDEN

- Economy - overview:
  Aided by peace and neutrality for the whole of the 20th century, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. Sweden remains outside the Eurozone because of concerns over its impact on the country’s economy, welfare system, and sovereignty. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for vast majority of industrial output. Agriculture accounts for less than 1% of GDP. Economic growth slowed in 2013, as a result of continued economic weakness in the EU - Sweden’s main export market; however, Sweden’s economy experienced modest growth in 2014, with an adjusted real GDP growth that averaged 2.1%. Sweden’s economy is expected to grow modestly in 2015, although the country continues to struggle with deflationary pressure.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $448.2 billion (2014 est.)
  $438.9 billion (2013 est.)
  $418.4 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 42
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $570.1 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  2.1% (2014 est.)
  1.3% (2013 est.)
  -0.3% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 147
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $46,000 (2014 est.)
  $45,000 (2013 est.)
  $44,500 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 26
  Gross national saving:
  29.6% of GDP (2014 est.)
  29.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
  29.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 46
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 46.5%
  government consumption: 26.4%
  investment in fixed capital: 22.6%
  investment in inventories: 0.1%
  exports of goods and services: 44.4%
  imports of goods and services: -39.9%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 1.8%
  industry: 33.4%
  services: 64.8% (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  barley, wheat, sugar beets; meat, milk
  Industries:
  iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles
  Industrial production growth rate:
  2.7% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 111
  Labor force:
  5.124 million (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 76
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 2%
  industry: 12%
  services: 86% (2014 est.)
  Unemployment rate:
  7.9% (2014 est.)
  8% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 87
  Population below poverty line:
  14% (2011 est.)
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 3.4%
  highest 10%: 24% (2012)
  Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  24.9 (2013)
  25 (1992)
  country comparison to the world: 141
  Budget:
  revenues: $291.4 billion
  expenditures: $304 billion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  52.1% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 10
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  -2.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 88
  Public debt:
  40.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
  38.8% of GDP (2013 est.)
  note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
  country comparison to the world: 96
  Fiscal year:
  calendar year
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  -0.2% (2014 est.)
  -0.1% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 19
  Central bank discount rate:
  0% (31 December 2014)
  1% (31 December 2013)
  note:: the Discount rate was abolished in 2002, and replaced by a "Reference rate" with no bearing on monetary policy; the rate quoted here is the Reference rate
  country comparison to the world: 69
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  2.8% (31 December 2014 est.)
  3.23% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 175
  Stock of narrow money:
  $256.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $287.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 18
  Stock of broad money:
  $336.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $371.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 31
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $742.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $811.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 20
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $560.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
  $470.1 billion (31 December 2011)
  $581.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 21
  Current account balance:
  $35.73 billion (2014 est.)
  $34.54 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 14
  Exports:
  $184.1 billion (2014 est.)
  $181.3 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 28
  Exports - commodities:
  machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals (2012 est.)
  Exports - partners:
  Norway 10.4%, Germany 10.4%, UK 7.4%, Finland 7.3%, Denmark 7.2%, US 6%, Netherlands 5.3%, Belgium 4.6%, France 4.6% (2014)
  Imports:
  $163.8 billion (2014 est.)
  $159.6 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 30
  Imports - commodities:
  machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing
  Imports - partners:
  Germany 17.4%, Netherlands 7.7%, Norway 7.6%, Denmark 7.4%, UK 6.2%, China 5.3%, Russia 5.2%, Finland 5.1%, France 4.4% (2014)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $66.32 billion (2014 est.)
  $65.38 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 34
  Debt - external:
  $1.039 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)
  $992.5 billion (31 December 2011)
  country comparison to the world: 16
  Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
  $509.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $500.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 18
  Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
  $593.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $558.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 15
  Exchange rates:
  Swedish kronor (SEK) per US dollar -
  6.759 (2014 est.)
  6.5118 (2013 est.)
  6.77 (2012 est.)
  6.4918 (2011 est.)
  7.2075 (2010 est.)

- ## Energy :: SWEDEN

- Electricity - production:
  162.9 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 25
  Electricity - consumption:
  130.5 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 27
  Electricity - exports:
  22.68 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 8
  Electricity - imports:
  12.67 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 13
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  37.94 million kW (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 23
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  9.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 199
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  24.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 3
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  43% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 49
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  22.7% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 14
  Crude oil - production:
  8,400 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 84
  Crude oil - exports:
  12,590 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 68
  Crude oil - imports:
  352,300 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 20
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  0 bbl (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 192
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  434,400 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 36
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  298,800 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 44
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  192,900 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 24
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  152,700 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 34
  Natural gas - production:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 195
  Natural gas - consumption:
  1.086 billion cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 87
  Natural gas - exports:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 184
  Natural gas - imports:
  1.086 billion cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 59
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 196
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  51.08 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 60

- ## Communications :: SWEDEN

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 3.82 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 43
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 12.3 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 127 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 75
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: highly developed telecommunications infrastructure; ranked among leading countries for fixed-line, mobile-cellular, Internet and broadband penetration
  domestic: coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels
  international: country code - 46; submarine cables provide links to other Nordic countries and Europe; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway) (2011)
  Broadcast media:
  publicly owned TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial networks plus regional stations; multiple privately owned TV broadcasters operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 50 local TV stations; widespread access to pan-Nordic and international broadcasters through multi-channel cable and satellite TV; publicly owned radio broadcaster operates 3 national stations and a network of 25 regional channels; roughly 100 privately owned local radio stations with some consolidating into near national networks; an estimated 900 community and neighborhood radio stations broadcast intermittently (2008)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 1, FM 124, shortwave 0 (2008)
  Television broadcast stations:
  252 (2008)
  Internet country code:
  .se
  Internet users:
  total: 8.7 million
  percent of population: 89.1% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 47

- ## Transportation :: SWEDEN

- Airports:
  231 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 25
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 149
  over 3,047 m: 3
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 12
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 75
  914 to 1,523 m: 22
  under 914 m: 37 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 82
  914 to 1,523 m: 5
  under 914 m:
  77 (2013)
  Heliports:
  2 (2013)
  Pipelines:
  gas 1,626 km (2013)
  Railways:
  total: 11,915 km
  standard gauge: 11,850 km 1.435-m gauge (7,567 km electrified)
  narrow gauge: 65 km 0.891-m gauge (65 km electrified) (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 21
  Roadways:
  total: 579,564 km (includes 1,913 km of expressways)
  paved: 135,444 km
  unpaved: 444,412 km
  note: includes 104,705 km of state roads, 433,034 km of private roads, and 41,825 km of municipal roads (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 13
  Waterways:
  2,052 km (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 40
  Merchant marine:
  total: 135
  by type: bulk carrier 4, cargo 16, carrier 1, chemical tanker 15, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 36, petroleum tanker 11, roll on/roll off 30, vehicle carrier 17
  foreign-owned: 35 (Denmark 4, Estonia 3, Finland 16, Germany 3, Ireland 1, Italy 5, Norway 3)
  registered in other countries: 189 (Bahamas 11, Barbados 4, Bermuda 14, Canada 2, Cook Islands 3, Cyprus 5, Denmark 15, Faroe Islands 11, Finland 1, France 4, Gibraltar 11, Italy 1, Liberia 12, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 1, Netherlands 12, Norway 27, Panama 2, Portugal 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10, Singapore 11, UK 28) (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 42
  Ports and terminals:
  major seaport(s): Brofjorden, Goteborg, Helsingborg, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Stockholm, Trelleborg, Visby
  LNG terminal(s) (import): Brunnsviksholme, Lysekil

- ## Military :: SWEDEN

- Military branches:
  Swedish Armed Forces (Forsvarsmakten): Army (Armen), Royal Swedish Navy (Marinen), Swedish Air Force (Svenska Flygvapnet) (2010)
  Military service age and obligation:
  18-47 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; Swedish citizenship required; service obligation: 7.5 months (Army), 7-15 months (Navy), 8-12 months (Air Force); the Swedish Parliament has abolished compulsory military service, with exclusively voluntary recruitment as of July 2010; conscription remains an option in emergencies; after completing initial service, soldiers have a reserve commitment until age 47 (2013)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 2,065,691
  females age 16-49: 1,996,764 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 1,709,055
  females age 16-49: 1,650,432 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 54,960
  female: 52,275 (2010 est.)
  Military expenditures:
  1.18% of GDP (2012)
  1.17% of GDP (2011)
  1.18% of GDP (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 84

- ## Transnational Issues :: SWEDEN

- Disputes - international:
  none
  Refugees and internally displaced persons:
  refugees (country of origin): 34,285 (Syria); 24,184 (Iraq); 21,189 (Somalia); 14,107 (Eritrea); 12,090 (Afghanistan) (2014)
  stateless persons: 27,167 (2014); note - the majority of stateless people come from the Middle East and Somalia

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