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Europe :: Luxembourg

- ## Introduction :: LUXEMBOURG

- Background:
  Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839 but gained a larger measure of autonomy. Full independence was attained in 1867. Overrun by Germany in both world wars, it ended its neutrality in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and when it joined NATO the following year. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union), and in 1999 it joined the euro currency area.

- ## Geography :: LUXEMBOURG

- Location:
  Western Europe, between France and Germany
  Geographic coordinates:
  49 45 N, 6 10 E
  Map references:
  Europe
  Area:
  total: 2,586 sq km
  land: 2,586 sq km
  water: 0 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 179
  Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than Rhode Island
  Land boundaries:
  total: 327 km
  border countries (3): Belgium 130 km, France 69 km, Germany 128 km
  Coastline:
  0 km (landlocked)
  Maritime claims:
  none (landlocked)
  Climate:
  modified continental with mild winters, cool summers
  Terrain:
  mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Moselle River 133 m
  highest point: Buurgplaatz 559 m
  Natural resources:
  iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 50.7%
  arable land 24%; permanent crops 0.6%; permanent pasture 26.1%
  forest: 33.5%
  other: 15.8% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  NA
  Total renewable water resources:
  3.1 cu km (2011)
  Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
  total: 0.06 cu km/yr (65%/33%/1%)
  per capita: 135.9 cu m/yr (2010)
  Natural hazards:
  NA
  Environment - current issues:
  air and water pollution in urban areas, soil pollution of farmland
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
  signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
  Geography - note:
  landlocked; the only Grand Duchy in the world

- ## People and Society :: LUXEMBOURG

- Nationality:
  noun: Luxembourger(s)
  adjective: Luxembourg
  Ethnic groups:
  Luxembourger 57%, Portuguese 16.1%, French 6.1%, Italian 3.5%, Belgian 3.3%, German 2.4%, British 1.1%, other 10.5%
  note: represents composition by citizenship (2011 est.)
  Languages:
  Luxembourgish (official administrative language and national language (spoken vernacular)) 88.8%, French (official administrative language) 4.2%, Portuguese 2.3%, German (official administrative language) 1.1%, other 3.5% (2011 est.)
  Religions:
  Roman Catholic 87%, other (includes Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 13% (2000)
  Population:
  570,252 (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 174
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 16.93% (male 49,677/female 46,886)
  15-24 years: 12.28% (male 35,983/female 34,062)
  25-54 years: 44.37% (male 129,660/female 123,355)
  55-64 years: 11.51% (male 33,280/female 32,351)
  65 years and over: 14.91% (male 37,460/female 47,538) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 43.7%
  youth dependency ratio: 23.6%
  elderly dependency ratio: 20.1%
  potential support ratio: 5% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 39.2 years
  male: 38.6 years
  female: 39.9 years (2015 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  2.13% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 44
  Birth rate:
  11.37 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 173
  Death rate:
  7.24 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 122
  Net migration rate:
  17.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 3
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 90.2% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 1.71% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  LUXEMBOURG (capital) 107,000 (2014)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
  total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 3.46 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 3.84 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 3.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 205
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 82.17 years
  male: 79.73 years
  female: 84.76 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 12
  Total fertility rate:
  1.61 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 178
  Health expenditures:
  7.1% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 82
  Physicians density:
  2.9 physicians/1,000 population (2013)
  Hospital bed density:
  5.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 100% of population
  rural: 100% of population
  total: 100% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 0% of population
  rural: 0% of population
  total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 97.5% of population
  rural: 98.5% of population
  total: 97.6% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 2.5% of population
  rural: 1.5% of population
  total: 2.4% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  24.8% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 50
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  total: 14 years
  male: 14 years
  female: 14 years (2012)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
  total: 18.8%
  male: 18.9%
  female: 18.6% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 59

- ## Government :: LUXEMBOURG

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
  conventional short form: Luxembourg
  local long form: Grand Duche de Luxembourg
  local short form: Luxembourg
  Government type:
  constitutional monarchy
  Capital:
  name: Luxembourg
  geographic coordinates: 49 36 N, 6 07 E
  time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
  Administrative divisions:
  12 cantons (cantons, singular - canton); Capellen, Clervaux, Diekirch, Echternach, Esch-sur-Alzette, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg, Mersch, Redange, Remich, Vianden, Wiltz
  Independence:
  1839 (from the Netherlands)
  National holiday:
  National Day (birthday of Grand Duke Henri) 23 June; note - this date of birth is not the true date of birth for any of the Royals, but the festivities were shifted to allow observance during a more favorable time of year
  Constitution:
  previous 1842 (heavily amended 1848, 1856); latest effective 17 October 1968; amended many times, last in 2008 (2008)
  Legal system:
  civil law system
  International law organization participation:
  accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal and compulsory
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME (son of the monarch, born 11 November 1981)
  head of government: Prime Minister Xavier BETTEL (since 4 December 2013); Deputy Prime Minister Etienne SCHNEIDER (since 4 December 2013)
  cabinet: Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister, appointed by the monarch
  elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch; prime minister and deputy prime minister are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies
  Legislative branch:
  description: unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - a 21-member Council of State appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies
  elections: last held on 20 October 2013 (next to be held by June 2018)
  election results: percent of vote by party - CSV 33.7%, LSAP 20.3%, DP 18.3%, Green Party 10.1%, ADR 6.6%, The Left 4.5%, other 6.1%; seats by party - CSV 23, LSAP 13, DP 13, Green Party 6, ADR 3, The Left 2
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Superior Court of Justice includes Court of Appeal and Court of Cassation (consists of 27 judges on 9 benches); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
  judge selection and term of office: judges of both courts appointed by the monarch for life
  subordinate courts: district and local tribunals and courts
  Political parties and leaders:
  Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Jean SCHOOS]
  Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Marc SPAUTZ]
  Democratic Party or DP [Xavier BETTEL]
  Green Party [Francoise FOLMER and Christian KMIOTEK]
  Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Claude HAAGEN]
  The Left (dei Lenk/la Gauche) [Serge URBANY]
  other minor parties
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  Business Federation Luxembourg or FEDIL [Nicolas SOISSON]
  Centrale Paysanne [Marc FISCH] (federation of agricultural producers)
  Chamber of Artisans (Chambre des Metiers) [Roland KUHN]
  Chamber of Commerce (Chambre de Commerce) [Carlo THELEN]
  Chambre des Salaries or CSL [Jean-Claude REDING]
  General Association of Officials (Confederation Generale de la Fonction Publique or CGFP [Romain WOLFF] (trade union representing civil service)
  Greenpeace [Kumi NAIDOO]
  LCGP [Patrick DURY] (center-right trade union)
  Luxembourg Association of Bankers and Insurance Employees or ALEBA [Roberto SCOLATI]
  Luxembourg Bankers Association or ABBL [Yves MAAS]
  Mouvement Ecologique [Blanche WEBER] (environment protection)
  OGB-L [Andre ROELTGEN] (center-left trade union)
  International organization participation:
  ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Jean-Louis WOLZFELD (since 11 September 2012)
  chancery: 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 265-4171 through 72
  FAX: [1] (202) 328-8270
  consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Charge d'Affaires Alison SHORTER-LAWRENCE
  embassy: 22 Boulevard Emmanuel Servais, L-2535 Luxembourg City
  mailing address: American Embassy Luxembourg, Unit 1410, APO AE 09126-1410 (official mail); American Embassy Luxembourg, PSC 9, Box 9500, APO AE 09123 (personal mail)
  telephone: [352] 46-01-23
  FAX: [352] 46-14-01
  Flag description:
  three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; the coloring is derived from the Grand Duke's coat of arms (a red lion on a white and blue striped field)
  National symbol(s):
  lion; national colors: red, white, light blue
  National anthem:
  name: "Ons Heemecht" (Our Motherland); "De Wilhelmus" (The William)
  lyrics/music: Michel LENTZ/Jean-Antoine ZINNEN; Nikolaus WELTER/unknown
  note: "Ons Heemecht," adopted 1864, is the national anthem, while "De Wilhelmus," adopted 1919, serves as a royal anthem for use when members of the grand ducal family enter or exit a ceremony in Luxembourg

- ## Economy :: LUXEMBOURG

- Economy - overview:
  This small, stable, high-income economy has historically featured solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. The industrial sector, initially dominated by steel, has become increasingly diversified to include chemicals, machinery and equipment, rubber, automotive components, and other products. The financial sector, which accounts for about 36% of GDP, is the leading sector in the economy. The economy depends on foreign and cross-border workers for about 39% of its labor force. Luxembourg experienced uneven economic growth in the aftermath of the global economic crisis that began in late 2008. Luxembourg's GDP contracted 3.6% in 2009, rebounded in 2010-12, fell again in 2013, but recovered in 2014. Unemployment has remained below the EU average despite having increased from a historically-low rate of 4% in the 2000s to 7% in 2014. The country continues to enjoy an extraordinarily high standard of living - GDP per capita ranks among the highest in the world and is the highest in the euro zone. Luxembourg has one of the highest current account surpluses as a share of GDP in the euro zone, and it maintains a healthy budgetary position and the lowest public debt levels in the region. Luxembourg has lost some of its advantage as a favorable tax location because of OECD and EU pressure. In 2015 the government’s compliance with EU requirements to implement automatic exchange of tax information on savings accounts - thus ending banking secrecy - has depressed banking activity and dampened GDP growth. Likewise, changes to the way EU members collect taxes from e-Commerce has cut Luxembourg’s tax revenues, requiring the government to raise additional levies and to reduce some direct social benefits.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $51.41 billion (2014 est.)
  $49.96 billion (2013 est.)
  $48.98 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 108
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $62.4 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  2.9% (2014 est.)
  2% (2013 est.)
  -0.2% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 123
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $92,000 (2014 est.)
  $89,400 (2013 est.)
  $87,700 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 2
  Gross national saving:
  21.1% of GDP (2014 est.)
  21.3% of GDP (2013 est.)
  23.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 50
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 31.3%
  government consumption: 17.1%
  investment in fixed capital: 18.6%
  investment in inventories: 1.6%
  exports of goods and services: 174.5%
  imports of goods and services: -143.1%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 0.3%
  industry: 12%
  services: 87.7% (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  grapes, barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits; dairy and livestock products
  Industries:
  banking and financial services, construction, real estate services, iron, metals, and steel, information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation and logistics, chemicals, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, tourism, biotechnology
  Industrial production growth rate:
  1.4% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 144
  Labor force:
  253,600
  note: data exclude foreign workers; in addition to the figure for domestic labor force, about 150,000 workers commute daily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 165
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 1.1%
  industry: 20%
  services: 78.9% (2013 est.)
  Unemployment rate:
  7.1% (2014 est.)
  6.9% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 76
  Population below poverty line:
  NA%
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 3.5%
  highest 10%: 23.8% (2000)
  Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  30.4 (2013 est.)
  26 (2005 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 118
  Budget:
  revenues: $27.95 billion
  expenditures: $27.82 billion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  43.7% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 28
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  0.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 35
  Public debt:
  23.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
  23.1% of GDP (2013 est.)
  note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
  country comparison to the world: 134
  Fiscal year:
  calendar year
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  0.7% (2014 est.)
  1.7% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 49
  Central bank discount rate:
  0.75% (31 December 2013)
  1.5% (31 December 2010)
  note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area
  country comparison to the world: 131
  Stock of narrow money:
  $209.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $207.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
  country comparison to the world: 21
  Stock of broad money:
  $265.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $276.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 35
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $99.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $101.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 53
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $70.34 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
  $67.63 billion (31 December 2011)
  $101.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 47
  Current account balance:
  $3.275 billion (2014 est.)
  $3.161 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 36
  Exports:
  $18.9 billion (2014 est.)
  $16.98 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 75
  Exports - commodities:
  machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass
  Exports - partners:
  Germany 23.5%, France 17%, Belgium 16.2%, Italy 5.6%, Switzerland 4.4% (2014)
  Imports:
  $27.92 billion (2014 est.)
  $25.34 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 70
  Imports - commodities:
  commercial aircraft, minerals, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs, luxury consumer goods
  Imports - partners:
  Belgium 30.8%, Germany 24.5%, France 11.9%, US 7.1%, China 5.9%, Netherlands 4.9% (2014)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $963 million (31 December 2013 est.)
  $963 million (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 138
  Debt - external:
  $2.935 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)
  $2.084 trillion (31 December 2011)
  country comparison to the world: 7
  Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
  $NA
  $11.21 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
  Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
  $NA
  Exchange rates:
  euros (EUR) per US dollar -
  0.7489 (2014 est.)
  0.7634 (2013 est.)
  0.78 (2012 est.)
  0.7185 (2011 est.)
  0.755 (2010 est.)

- ## Energy :: LUXEMBOURG

- Electricity - production:
  2.211 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 136
  Electricity - consumption:
  6.37 billion kWh (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 106
  Electricity - exports:
  1.907 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 44
  Electricity - imports:
  6.889 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 35
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  1.74 million kW (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 112
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  76.8% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 98
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 129
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  5.3% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 126
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  17.9% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 16
  Crude oil - production:
  0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 193
  Crude oil - exports:
  0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 146
  Crude oil - imports:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 84
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  0 bbl (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 158
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 166
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  59,010 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 94
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  52 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 120
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  56,600 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 66
  Natural gas - production:
  4 million cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 94
  Natural gas - consumption:
  1.034 billion cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 89
  Natural gas - exports:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 135
  Natural gas - imports:
  1.03 billion cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 60
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 162
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  11.69 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 99

- ## Communications :: LUXEMBOURG

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 270,000
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 48 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 119
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 796,400
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 143 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 162
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables
  domestic: fixed-line teledensity over 50 per 100 persons; nationwide mobile-cellular telephone system with market for mobile-cellular phones virtually saturated
  international: country code - 352 (2010)
  Broadcast media:
  Luxembourg has a long tradition of operating radio and TV services for pan-European audiences and is home to Europe's largest privately owned broadcast media group, the RTL group, which operates 46 TV stations and 29 radio stations in Europe; also home to Europe's largest satellite operator, Societe Europeenne des Satellites (SES); domestically, the RTL group operates TV and radio networks; other domestic private radio and TV operators and French and German stations available; satellite and cable TV services available (2008)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1999)
  Television broadcast stations:
  5 (1999)
  Internet country code:
  .lu
  Internet users:
  total: 530,400
  percent of population: 95.0% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 130

- ## Transportation :: LUXEMBOURG

- Airports:
  2 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 202
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 1
  over 3,047 m: 1 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 1
  under 914 m:
  1 (2013)
  Heliports:
  1 (2013)
  Pipelines:
  gas 142 km; refined products 27 km (2013)
  Railways:
  total: 275 km
  standard gauge: 275 km 1.435-m gauge (275 km electrified) (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 124
  Roadways:
  total: 2,899 km
  paved: 2,899 km (includes 152 km of expressways) (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 168
  Waterways:
  37 km (on Moselle River) (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 104
  Merchant marine:
  total: 49
  by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 3, chemical tanker 20, container 10, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 12
  foreign-owned: 48 (Belgium 11, Denmark 1, France 15, Germany 9, Japan 3, Netherlands 3, Switzerland 1, UK 5)
  registered in other countries: 18 (Italy 14, Malta 3, Panama 1) (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 71
  Ports and terminals:
  river port(s): Mertert (Moselle)

- ## Military :: LUXEMBOURG

- Military branches:
  Luxembourg Army (Armee Luxembourgeoise) (2015)
  Military service age and obligation:
  18-24 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; Luxembourg citizen or EU citizen with 3-year residence in Luxembourg (2012)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 118,665
  females age 16-49: 117,456 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 97,290
  females age 16-49: 96,361 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 3,263
  female: 3,084 (2010 est.)
  Military expenditures:
  0.6% of GDP (2012)
  0.61% of GDP (2011)
  0.6% of GDP (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 123

- ## Transnational Issues :: LUXEMBOURG

- Disputes - international:
  none
  Refugees and internally displaced persons:
  stateless persons: 81 (2014)

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