Australia-Oceania :: NORFOLK ISLAND

- ## Introduction :: NORFOLK ISLAND

- Background:
  Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions.

- ## Geography :: NORFOLK ISLAND

- Location:
  Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
  Geographic coordinates:
  29 02 S, 167 57 E
  Map references:
  Oceania
  Area:
  total: 36 sq km
  land: 36 sq km
  water: 0 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 235
  Area - comparative:
  about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC
  Land boundaries:
  0 km
  Coastline:
  32 km
  Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
  Climate:
  subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation
  Terrain:
  volcanic island with mostly rolling plains
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
  highest point: Mount Bates 319 m
  Natural resources:
  fish
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 25%
  arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 25%
  forest: 11.5%
  other: 63.5% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  NA
  Natural hazards:
  typhoons (especially May to July)
  Environment - current issues:
  NA
  Geography - note:
  most of the 32 km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated

- ## People and Society :: NORFOLK ISLAND

- Nationality:
  noun: Norfolk Islander(s)
  adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)
  Ethnic groups:
  Australian 79.5%, New Zealander 13.3%, Fijian 2.5%, Filipino 1.1%, English 1%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.8% (2011 est.)
  Languages:
  English (official) 67.6%, other 32.4% (includes Norfolk Island 23.7%, which is a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian) (2011 est.)
  Religions:
  Protestant 49.6% (Anglican 31.8%, Uniting Church in Australia 10.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.2%), Roman Catholic 11.7%, other 8.6%, none 23.5%, unspecified 6.6% (2011 est.)
  Population:
  2,210 (July 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 231
  Population growth rate:
  0.01% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 194
  Sex ratio:
  NA
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: NA
  male: NA
  female: NA
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: NA
  male: NA
  female: NA
  Total fertility rate:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA

- ## Government :: NORFOLK ISLAND

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island
  conventional short form: Norfolk Island
  Dependency status:
  self-governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sport
  Government type:
  NA
  Capital:
  name: Kingston
  geographic coordinates: 29 03 S, 167 58 E
  time difference: UTC+11.5 (16.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  Administrative divisions:
  none (territory of Australia)
  Independence:
  none (territory of Australia)
  National holiday:
  Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856)
  Constitution:
  previous 1913, 1957; latest effective 7 August 1979; amended many times, last in 2010 (2011)
  Legal system:
  English common law and the laws of Australia
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by the Australian governor general
  head of government: Administrator Neil POPE (since 1 April 2012)
  cabinet: Executive Council consists of 4 Legislative Assembly members
  elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia for a 2-year term and represents the monarch and Australia
  Legislative branch:
  description: unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members directly elected by modified majority vote in which electors have 9 votes but are limited to 4 votes per candidate; members serve 3-year terms)
  elections: last held on 13 March 2013 (next to be held in 2016)
  election results: seats - independents 8; Norfolk Liberals 1
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Supreme Court of Norfolk Island (consists of the chief justice and NA justices); note - appeals beyond the Supreme Court of Norfolk Island are heard by the Federal Court of Australia
  judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the governor general of Australia from among justices of the Federal Court of Australia; justices serve until mandatory retirement at age 70
  subordinate courts: Petty Court of Sessions; specialized courts including a Coroner's Court and the Employment Tribunal
  Political parties and leaders:
  Norfolk Island Labor Party [Mike KELLY]
  Norfolk Liberals [John BROWN]
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  none
  International organization participation:
  UPU
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  none (territory of Australia)
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  none (territory of Australia)
  Flag description:
  three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band; green stands for the rich vegetation on the island, and the pine tree - endemic to the island - is a symbol of Norfolk Island
  note: somewhat reminiscent of the flag of Canada with its use of only two colors and depiction of a prominent local floral symbol in the central white band; also resembles the green and white triband of Nigeria
  National symbol(s):
  Norfolk Island pine
  National anthem:
  name: "Come Ye Blessed"
  lyrics/music: New Testament/John Prindle SCOTT
  note: the local anthem, whose lyrics consist of the words from Matthew 25:34-36, 40, is also known as "The Pitcairn Anthem;" as a territory of Australia, "God Save the Queen" is official (see Australia); however, the island does not recognize "Advance Australia Fair"

- ## Economy :: NORFOLK ISLAND

- Economy - overview:
  Norfolk Island is suffering from a severe economic downturn. Tourism, the primary economic activity, is the main driver of economic growth. The agricultural sector has become self sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $NA
  Agriculture - products:
  Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry
  Industries:
  tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete
  Labor force:
  978 (2006)
  country comparison to the world: 230
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 6%
  industry: 14%
  services: 80% (2006 est.)
  Budget:
  revenues: $4.6 million
  expenditures: $4.8 million (FY99/00)
  Fiscal year:
  1 July - 30 June
  Exports:
  $NA
  Exports - commodities:
  postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados
  Imports:
  $NA
  Imports - commodities:
  NA
  Debt - external:
  $NA
  Exchange rates:
  Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -
  1.098 (2014)
  1.0358 (2013)
  0.97 (2012)
  0.9695 (2011)
  1.0902 (2010)

- ## Communications :: NORFOLK ISLAND

- Telephone system:
  general assessment: adequate
  domestic: free local calls
  international: country code - 672; submarine cable links with Australia and New Zealand; satellite earth station - 1
  Broadcast media:
  1 local radio station; broadcasts of several Australian radio and TV stations available via satellite (2009)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005)
  Television broadcast stations:
  1 (local programming station plus 2 repeaters that air Australian programs by satellite) (2005)
  Internet country code:
  .nf

- ## Transportation :: NORFOLK ISLAND

- Airports:
  1 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 229
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 1
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2013)
  Roadways:
  total: 80 km
  paved: 53 km
  unpaved: 27 km (2008)
  country comparison to the world: 217
  Ports and terminals:
  major seaport(s): Kingston

- ## Military :: NORFOLK ISLAND

- Military - note:
  defense is the responsibility of Australia

- ## Transnational Issues :: NORFOLK ISLAND

- Disputes - international:
  none