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Europe :: Norway

- ## Introduction :: NORWAY

- Background:
  Two centuries of Viking raids into Europe tapered off following the adoption of Christianity by King Olav TRYGGVASON in 994; conversion of the Norwegian kingdom occurred over the next several decades. In 1397, Norway was absorbed into a union with Denmark that lasted more than four centuries. In 1814, Norwegians resisted the cession of their country to Sweden and adopted a new constitution. Sweden then invaded Norway but agreed to let Norway keep its constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Although Norway remained neutral in World War I, it suffered heavy losses to its shipping. Norway proclaimed its neutrality at the outset of World War II, but was nonetheless occupied for five years by Nazi Germany (1940-45). In 1949, Norway abandoned neutrality and became a member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes. In referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU. Key domestic issues include immigration and integration of ethnic minorities, maintaining the country's extensive social safety net with an aging population, and preserving economic competitiveness.

- ## Geography :: NORWAY

- Location:
  Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden
  Geographic coordinates:
  62 00 N, 10 00 E
  Map references:
  Europe
  Area:
  total: 323,802 sq km
  land: 304,282 sq km
  water: 19,520 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 68
  Area - comparative:
  slightly larger than twice the size of Georgia; slightly larger than New Mexico
  Area comparison map:
  Land boundaries:
  total: 2,566 km
  border countries (3): Finland 709 km, Sweden 1,666 km, Russia 191 km
  Coastline:
  25,148 km (includes mainland 2,650 km, as well as long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 22,498 km; length of island coastlines 58,133 km)
  Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  contiguous zone: 10 nm
  exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
  continental shelf: 200 nm
  Climate:
  temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast
  Terrain:
  glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m
  highest point: Galdhopiggen 2,469 m
  Natural resources:
  petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropower
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 2.7%
  arable land 2.2%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 0.5%
  forest: 27.8%
  other: 69.5% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  1,149 sq km (2007)
  Total renewable water resources:
  382 cu km (2011)
  Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
  total: 2.94 cu km/yr (28%/43%/29%)
  per capita: 622.4 cu m/yr (2006)
  Natural hazards:
  rockslides, avalanches
  volcanism: Beerenberg (elev. 2,227 m) on Jan Mayen Island in the Norwegian Sea is the country's only active volcano
  Environment - current issues:
  water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
  Geography - note:
  about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much-indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of the most rugged and longest coastlines in the world

- ## People and Society :: NORWAY

- Nationality:
  noun: Norwegian(s)
  adjective: Norwegian
  Ethnic groups:
  Norwegian 94.4% (includes Sami, about 60,000), other European 3.6%, other 2% (2007 est.)
  Languages:
  Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
  note: Sami is an official language in nine municipalities
  Religions:
  Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran - official) 82.1%, other Christian 3.9%, Muslim 2.3%, Roman Catholic 1.8%, other 2.4%, unspecified 7.5% (2011 est.)
  Population:
  5,207,689 (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 121
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 18.08% (male 482,945/female 458,735)
  15-24 years: 12.99% (male 347,535/female 329,113)
  25-54 years: 40.91% (male 1,096,539/female 1,033,879)
  55-64 years: 11.69% (male 308,142/female 300,895)
  65 years and over: 16.32% (male 387,333/female 462,573) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 52.2%
  youth dependency ratio: 27.3%
  elderly dependency ratio: 24.9%
  potential support ratio: 4% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 39.1 years
  male: 38.3 years
  female: 39.9 years (2015 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  1.13% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 108
  Birth rate:
  12.14 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 163
  Death rate:
  8.12 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 95
  Net migration rate:
  7.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 16
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 80.5% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 1.35% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  OSLO (capital) 986,000 (2015)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female
  total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 2.48 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 2.79 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 2.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 220
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 81.7 years
  male: 79.7 years
  female: 83.81 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 20
  Total fertility rate:
  1.86 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 145
  Contraceptive prevalence rate:
  88.4%
  note: percent of women aged 20-44 (2005)
  Health expenditures:
  9.6% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 40
  Physicians density:
  4.28 physicians/1,000 population (2012)
  Hospital bed density:
  3.3 beds/1,000 population (2011)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 100% of population
  rural: 100% of population
  total: 100% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 0% of population
  rural: 0% of population
  total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 98% of population
  rural: 98.3% of population
  total: 98.1% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 2% of population
  rural: 1.7% of population
  total: 1.9% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  0.15% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 105
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  less than 100 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 112
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  24.8% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 84
  Education expenditures:
  6.6% of GDP (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 21
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  total: 17 years
  male: 17 years
  female: 18 years (2012)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
  total: 8.6%
  male: 10%
  female: 7.2% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 109

- ## Government :: NORWAY

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway
  conventional short form: Norway
  local long form: Kongeriket Norge
  local short form: Norge
  Government type:
  constitutional monarchy
  Capital:
  name: Oslo
  geographic coordinates: 59 55 N, 10 45 E
  time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
  Administrative divisions:
  19 counties (fylker, singular - fylke); Akershus, Aust-Agder, Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Nord-Trondelag, Oppland, Oslo, Ostfold, Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Sor-Trondelag, Telemark, Troms, Vest-Agder, Vestfold
  Dependent areas:
  Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard
  Independence:
  7 June 1905 (Norway declared the union with Sweden dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union)
  National holiday:
  Constitution Day, 17 May (1814)
  Constitution:
  drafted spring 1814, adopted 16 May 1814, signed by Constituent Assembly 17 May 1814; amended many times, last in 2014 (2015)
  Legal system:
  mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law; Supreme Court can advise on legislative acts
  International law organization participation:
  accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS, son of the monarch (born 20 July 1973)
  head of government: Prime Minister Erna SOLBERG (since 16 October 2013)
  cabinet: State Council appointed by the monarch, approved by Parliament
  elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following parliamentary elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch with the approval of the parliament
  Legislative branch:
  description: unicameral Parliament or Storting (169 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
  elections: last held on 9 September 2013 (next to be held in September 2017)
  election results: percent of vote by party - Ap 30.8%, H 26.3%, FrP 16.3%, KrF 5.6%, Sp 5.5%, V 5.2%, SV 4.1%, MDG 2.8, other 2.7%; seats by party - Ap 55, H 48, FrP 29, Sp 10, KrF 10, V 9, SV 7, MDG 1
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (consists of the chief justice and 18 associate justices)
  judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the monarch (King in Council) upon the recommendation of the Judicial Appointments Board; justice retirement mandatory at age 70
  subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal or Lagmensrett; regional and district courts; Conciliation Boards; ordinary and special courts; note - in addition to professionally trained judges, elected lay judges sit on the bench with professional judges in the Courts of Appeal and district courts
  Political parties and leaders:
  Center Party or Sp [Trygve Slagsvold VEDUM]
  Christian Democratic Party or KrF [Knut Arild HAREIDE]
  Conservative Party or H [Erna SOLBERG]
  Green Party or MDG [Rasmus NANSSON]
  Labor Party or Ap [Jonas Gahr STOHRE]
  Liberal Party or V [Trine SKEI-GRANDE]
  Progress Party or FrP [Siv JENSEN]
  Socialist Left Party or SV [Audun LYSBAKKEN]
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise (Naeringslivets Hovedorganisasjon) or NHO [President Tore ULSTEIN; CEO Kristin SKOGEN LUND]
  Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (Landsorganisasjonen i Norge) or LO [Gerd KRISTIANSEN]
  other: environmental groups; media; digital privacy movements
  International organization participation:
  ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Kare Reidar AAS (since 22 August 2013)
  chancery: 2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 333-6000
  FAX: [1] (202) 459-3990
  consulate(s) general: Houston, New York, San Francisco
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Julie FURUTA-TOY (since 27 September 2013)
  embassy: Henrik Ibsens gate 48, 0244 Oslo; note - the embassy will move to Huseby in the near future
  mailing address: PSC 69, Box 1000, APO AE 09707
  telephone: [47] 21-30-85-40
  FAX: [47] 22-44-33-63, 22-56-27-51
  Flag description:
  red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the colors recall Norway's past political unions with Denmark (red and white) and Sweden (blue)
  National symbol(s):
  lion; national colors: red, white, blue
  National anthem:
  name: "Ja, vi elsker dette landet" (Yes, We Love This Country)
  lyrics/music: lyrics/music: Bjornstjerne BJORNSON/Rikard NORDRAAK
  note: adopted 1864; in addition to the national anthem, "Kongesangen" (Song of the King), which uses the tune of "God Save the Queen," serves as the royal anthem

- ## Economy :: NORWAY

- Economy - overview:
  The Norwegian economy is a prosperous mixed economy, with a vibrant private sector, a large state sector, and an extensive social safety net. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector, through extensive regulation and large-scale state-majority-owned enterprises. The country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on the petroleum sector, which accounts for the largest portion of export revenue and about 30% of government revenue. Norway is the world's third-largest natural gas exporter; and seventh largest oil exporter, making one of its largest offshore oil finds in 2011. Norway opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994; nonetheless, as a member of the European Economic Area, it contributes sizably to the EU budget. In anticipation of eventual declines in oil and gas production, Norway saves state revenue from the petroleum sector in the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, valued at over $870 billion in December 2014 and annually uses up to 4% of the fund, it’s projected long term return, to help finance public expenses. After solid GDP growth in 2004-07, the economy slowed in 2008, and contracted in 2009, before returning to positive growth in 2010-14. Nevertheless, the government budget remains in surplus. Lower oil prices in 2015 may cause the economy to contract as higher costs production costs in the North Sea deter investment.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $345.2 billion (2014 est.)
  $337.6 billion (2013 est.)
  $335.1 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 50
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $500.2 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  2.2% (2014 est.)
  0.7% (2013 est.)
  2.7% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 156
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $66,900 (2014 est.)
  $65,500 (2013 est.)
  $65,000 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 12
  Gross national saving:
  37.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
  38.3% of GDP (2013 est.)
  39% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 15
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 41.1%
  government consumption: 21.3%
  investment in fixed capital: 22.3%
  investment in inventories: 3.8%
  exports of goods and services: 39%
  imports of goods and services: -27.6%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 1.7%
  industry: 41.8%
  services: 56.5% (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  barley, wheat, potatoes; pork, beef, veal, milk; fish
  Industries:
  petroleum and gas, shipping, fishing, aquaculture, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles
  Industrial production growth rate:
  0.8% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 157
  Labor force:
  2.724 million (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 110
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 2.2%
  industry: 20.2%
  services: 77.6% (2012)
  Unemployment rate:
  3.5% (2014 est.)
  3.5% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 28
  Population below poverty line:
  NA%
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 3.9%
  highest 10%: 21% (2008)
  Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  26.8 (2010)
  25.8 (1995)
  country comparison to the world: 135
  Budget:
  revenues: $294.3 billion
  expenditures: $230.5 billion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  57.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 5
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  12.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 4
  Public debt:
  29.6% of GDP (2014 est.)
  29.7% of GDP (2013 est.)
  note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
  country comparison to the world: 129
  Fiscal year:
  calendar year
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  2% (2014 est.)
  2.1% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 98
  Central bank discount rate:
  6.25% (31 December 2010)
  1.75% (31 December 2009)
  country comparison to the world: 60
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  2.5% (31 December 2014 est.)
  2.5% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 179
  Stock of narrow money:
  $146.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $144.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 29
  Stock of broad money:
  $323.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $310 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 32
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $731.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $689.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 21
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $252.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
  $219.2 billion (31 December 2011)
  $250.9 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 33
  Current account balance:
  $42.33 billion (2014 est.)
  $57.39 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 10
  Exports:
  $150.2 billion (2014 est.)
  $158.3 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 32
  Exports - commodities:
  petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, fish
  Exports - partners:
  UK 22.9%, Germany 16.9%, Netherlands 12.9%, France 6%, Sweden 5.7%, Belgium 4.8% (2014)
  Imports:
  $91.03 billion (2014 est.)
  $92.83 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 37
  Imports - commodities:
  machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs
  Imports - partners:
  Sweden 12.3%, Germany 11.9%, China 9.4%, UK 6.5%, US 6.2%, Denmark 6.1% (2014)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $58.28 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 38
  Debt - external:
  $720.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
  $595.7 billion (31 December 2011)
  note: Norway is a net external creditor
  country comparison to the world: 19
  Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
  $294.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $282.5 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 21
  Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
  $279.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $271.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 20
  Exchange rates:
  Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar -
  6.163 (2014 est.)
  5.876 (2013 est.)
  5.82 (2012 est.)
  5.6065 (2011 est.)
  6.0442 (2010 est.)

- ## Energy :: NORWAY

- Electricity - production:
  134 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 28
  Electricity - consumption:
  119.5 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 31
  Electricity - exports:
  15.14 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 13
  Electricity - imports:
  10.21 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 22
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  31.76 million kW (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 27
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  4.6% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 201
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 153
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  93.2% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 10
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  2.2% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 75
  Crude oil - production:
  1.817 million bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 16
  Crude oil - exports:
  1.303 million bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 14
  Crude oil - imports:
  28,090 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 65
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  5.825 billion bbl (1 January 2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 22
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  328,700 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 41
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  222,600 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 54
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  349,600 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 20
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  91,980 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 52
  Natural gas - production:
  108.7 billion cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 8
  Natural gas - consumption:
  5.94 billion cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Natural gas - exports:
  102.8 billion cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 3
  Natural gas - imports:
  2 million cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 75
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  2.09 trillion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 18
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  41.06 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 68

- ## Communications :: NORWAY

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 1.16 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 22 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 72
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 5.9 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 115 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 111
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: modern in all respects; one of the most advanced telecommunications networks in Europe
  domestic: Norway has a domestic satellite system; the prevalence of rural areas encourages the wide use of mobile-cellular systems
  international: country code - 47; 2 buried coaxial cable systems; submarine cables provide links to other Nordic countries and Europe; satellite earth stations - NA Eutelsat, NA Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden) (2011)
  Broadcast media:
  state-owned public radio-TV broadcaster operates 3 nationwide TV stations, 3 nationwide radio stations, and 16 regional radio stations; roughly a dozen privately owned television stations broadcast nationally and roughly another 25 local TV stations broadcasting; nearly 75% of households have access to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; 2 privately owned radio stations broadcast nationwide and another 240 stations operate locally (2008)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 5, FM 160, shortwave 1 (2008)
  Television broadcast stations:
  69 (2008)
  Internet country code:
  .no
  Internet users:
  total: 4.9 million
  percent of population: 96.2% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 70

- ## Transportation :: NORWAY

- Airports:
  95 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 61
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 67
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 14
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
  914 to 1,523 m: 22
  under 914 m: 21 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 28
  914 to 1,523 m: 6
  under 914 m:
  22 (2013)
  Heliports:
  1 (2013)
  Pipelines:
  condensate 578 km; condensate/gas 220 km; gas 8,044 km; oil 3,794 km; oil/gas/water 457 km; water 96 km (2013)
  Railways:
  total: 4,250 km
  standard gauge: 4,250 km 1.435-m gauge (2,518 km electrified) (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 39
  Roadways:
  total: 93,870 km (includes 393 km of expressways)
  paved: 75,754 km
  unpaved: 18,116 km (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 51
  Waterways:
  1,577 km (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 51
  Merchant marine:
  total: 585
  by type: bulk carrier 55, cargo 105, carrier 5, chemical tanker 121, combination ore/oil 12, liquefied gas 47, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 121, petroleum tanker 54, refrigerated cargo 9, roll on/roll off 4, vehicle carrier 49
  foreign-owned: 81 (Bermuda 24, Canada 1, Cyprus 1, Denmark 7, France 5, Iceland 2, Lithuania 1, Saudi Arabia 3, Sweden 27, US 10)
  registered in other countries: 974 (Antigua and Barbuda 9, Bahamas 186, Barbados 38, Belize 2, Bermuda 5, Brazil 3, Canada 4, Chile 1, Comoros 1, Cook Islands 8, Croatia 2, Curacao 2, Cyprus 14, Denmark 2, Dominica 1, Equatorial Guinea 1, Estonia 2, Faroe Islands 13, Gibraltar 46, Hong Kong 48, Indonesia 3, Isle of Man 30, Italy 6, Liberia 38, Libya 1, Malta 96, Marshall Islands 75, Netherlands 19, Panama 81, Portugal 2, Saint Kitts and Nevis 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13, Singapore 153, Spain 10, Sweden 3, UK 32, US 17, Vanuatu 1, unknown 3) (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 19
  Ports and terminals:
  major seaport(s): Bergen, Haugesund, Maaloy, Mongstad, Narvik, Sture
  LNG terminal(s) (export): Kamoy, Kollsnes, Melkoya Island
  LNG terminal(s) (import): Fredrikstad, Mosjoen

- ## Military :: NORWAY

- Military branches:
  Norwegian Army (Haeren), Royal Norwegian Navy (Kongelige Norske Sjoeforsvaret, RNoN; includes Coastal Rangers and Coast Guard (Kystvakt)), Royal Norwegian Air Force (Kongelige Norske Luftforsvaret, RNoAF), Home Guard (Heimevernet, HV) (2013)
  Military service age and obligation:
  19-35 years of age for male compulsory military service; 16 years of age in wartime; 17 years of age for male volunteers; 18 years of age for women; 1-year service obligation followed by 4-5 refresher training periods through ages 35-60, totalling 18 months (2012)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 1,079,043
  females age 16-49: 1,051,210 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 888,761
  females age 16-49: 865,697 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 32,290
  female: 30,777 (2010 est.)
  Military expenditures:
  1.4% of GDP (2012)
  1.47% of GDP (2011)
  1.4% of GDP (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 72

- ## Transnational Issues :: NORWAY

- Disputes - international:
  Norway asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Queen Maud Land and its continental shelf); Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental shelf (CLCS) and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission; Norway and Russia signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010
  Refugees and internally displaced persons:
  refugees (country of origin): 8,901 (Somalia); 11,202 (Eritrea); 5,190 (Iraq); 5,454 (Afghanistan) (2014)
  stateless persons: 1,997 (2014)

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