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Europe :: Portugal

- ## Introduction :: PORTUGAL

- Background:
  Following its heyday as a global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.

- ## Geography :: PORTUGAL

- Location:
  Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain
  Geographic coordinates:
  39 30 N, 8 00 W
  Map references:
  Europe
  Area:
  total: 92,090 sq km
  land: 91,470 sq km
  water: 620 sq km
  note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands
  country comparison to the world: 111
  Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than Indiana
  Land boundaries:
  total: 1,224 km
  border countries (1): Spain 1,224 km
  Coastline:
  1,793 km
  Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  contiguous zone: 24 nm
  exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
  continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
  Climate:
  maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
  Terrain:
  mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
  highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m
  Natural resources:
  fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 39.7%
  arable land 11.9%; permanent crops 7.8%; permanent pasture 20%
  forest: 37.8%
  other: 22.5% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  5,837 sq km (2007)
  Total renewable water resources:
  68.7 cu km (2011)
  Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
  total: 8.46 cu km/yr (12%/18%/69%)
  per capita: 812 cu m/yr (2005)
  Natural hazards:
  Azores subject to severe earthquakes
  volcanism: limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (elev. 1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira
  Environment - current issues:
  soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification
  Geography - note:
  Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

- ## People and Society :: PORTUGAL

- Nationality:
  noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)
  adjective: Portuguese
  Ethnic groups:
  homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal
  Languages:
  Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)
  Religions:
  Roman Catholic 81%, other Christian 3.3%, other (includes Jewish, Muslim, other) 0.6%, none 6.8%, unspecified 8.3%
  notes: represents population 15 years of age and older (2011 est.)
  Population:
  10,825,309 (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 80
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 15.68% (male 884,389/female 812,685)
  15-24 years: 11.41% (male 655,259/female 580,020)
  25-54 years: 42.05% (male 2,303,473/female 2,248,914)
  55-64 years: 11.97% (male 604,549/female 691,216)
  65 years and over: 18.89% (male 836,679/female 1,208,125) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 53.5%
  youth dependency ratio: 21.6%
  elderly dependency ratio: 31.9%
  potential support ratio: 3.1% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 41.5 years
  male: 39.4 years
  female: 43.6 years (2015 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  0.09% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 189
  Birth rate:
  9.27 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 205
  Death rate:
  11.02 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 33
  Net migration rate:
  2.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 39
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 63.5% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 0.97% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  LISBON (capital) 2.884 million; Porto 1.299 million (2015)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 1.13 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 0.88 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 4.43 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 4.86 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 3.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 185
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 79.16 years
  male: 75.92 years
  female: 82.62 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 49
  Total fertility rate:
  1.52 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 192
  Contraceptive prevalence rate:
  86.8% (2005/06)
  Health expenditures:
  9.7% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 29
  Physicians density:
  4.1 physicians/1,000 population (2012)
  Hospital bed density:
  3.4 beds/1,000 population (2011)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 100% of population
  rural: 100% of population
  total: 100% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 0% of population
  rural: 0% of population
  total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 99.6% of population
  rural: 99.8% of population
  total: 99.7% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 0.4% of population
  rural: 0.2% of population
  total: 0.3% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  22.1% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 69
  Education expenditures:
  5.3% of GDP (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 55
  Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 95.7%
  male: 97.1%
  female: 94.4% (2015 est.)
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  total: 16 years
  male: 16 years
  female: 17 years (2012)
  Child labor - children ages 5-14:
  total number: 36,569
  percentage: 3%
  note: data represents children ages 6-14 (2001 est.)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
  total: 37.6%
  male: 36.4%
  female: 39.1% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 16

- ## Government :: PORTUGAL

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Portuguese Republic
  conventional short form: Portugal
  local long form: Republica Portuguesa
  local short form: Portugal
  Government type:
  republic; parliamentary democracy
  Capital:
  name: Lisbon
  geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W
  time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
  Administrative divisions:
  18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu
  Independence:
  1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)
  National holiday:
  Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes (1524-80) died
  Constitution:
  several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976; amended several times, last in 2005 (2013)
  Legal system:
  civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts
  International law organization participation:
  accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 9 March 2006)
  head of government: Prime Minister Pedro Manuel PASSOS COELHO Mamede (since 21 June 2011)
  cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
  elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 January 2011 (next to be held in January 2016); following legislative elections which must be held by October 2015, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president
  election results: Anibal CAVACO SILVA reelected president; percent of vote - Anibal CAVACO SILVA (PPD/PSD) 53%, Manuel ALEGRE (PS) 19.8%, Fernando NOBRE (independent) 14.1%, Francisco LOPES (independent) 7.1%, Manuel COELHO 4.5%, other 1.5%
  note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president
  Legislative branch:
  description: unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; 226 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 4 members - 2 each in 2 constituencies representing Portuguese living abroad - directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
  elections: last held on 5 June 2011 (next to be held by October 2015)
  election results: percent of vote by party - PPD/PSD 38%, PS 28%, CDS/PP 11%, PCP/PEV (see CDU) 7%, BE 5%, other 11%; seats by party - PPD/PSD 108, PS 74, CDS/PP 24, PCP/PEV (see CDU) 16, BE 8
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges)
  judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court justices nominated by the president and appointed by the Assembly of the Republic; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges - 10 elected by the Assembly and 3 elected by the other Constitutional Court judges; judges elected for 6-year non-renewable terms
  subordinate courts: Supreme Administrative Court (Supremo Tribunal Administrativo); Audit Court (Tribunal de Contas); appellate, district, and municipal courts
  Political parties and leaders:
  Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party or CDS/PP [Paulo PORTAS]
  Social Democratic Party or PPD/PSD [Pedro PASSOS COELHO]
  Socialist Party or PS [Antonio COSTA]
  The Left Bloc or BE [Catarina Soares MARTINS]
  Unitarian Democratic Coalition or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes Portuguese Communist Party or PCP and Ecologist Party ("The Greens") or PEV)
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  Armed Forces Officers' Association or AOFA [Colonel Pereira CRACEL]
  the Desperate Generation (youth movement protesting against low wages, precarious labor conditions, and unemployment)
  General Workers Union or General Confederation of Portuguese Workers or UGT [Carlos SILVA]
  Portuguese National Workers' Conference or CGTP [Armenio CARLOS]
  TugaLeaks (a website that has become a mouthpiece for publicizing diverse protest action)
  other: the media; labor unions
  International organization participation:
  ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Nuno Filipe Alves Salvador e BRITO (since 10 February 2011)
  chancery: 2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
  telephone: [1] (202) 328-8610
  FAX: [1] (202) 462-3726
  consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, San Francisco
  consulate(s): New Bedford (MA), Newark (NJ), Providence (RI)
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Robert A. SHERMAN (since 30 May 2014)
  embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon
  mailing address: Apartado 43033, 1601-301 Lisboa; PSC 83, APO AE 09726
  telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300
  FAX: [351] (21) 726-9109
  consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores)
  Flag description:
  two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and Portuguese shield) centered on the dividing line; explanations for the color meanings are ambiguous, but a popular interpretation has green symbolizing hope and red the blood of those defending the nation
  National symbol(s):
  armillary sphere (a spherical astrolabe modeling objects in the sky and representing the Republic); national colors: red, green
  National anthem:
  name: "A Portugesa" (The Song of the Portuguese)
  lyrics/music: Henrique LOPES DE MENDOCA/Alfredo KEIL
  note: adopted 1910; "A Portuguesa" was originally written to protest the Portuguese monarchy's acquiescence to the 1890 British ultimatum forcing Portugal to give up areas of Africa; the lyrics refer to the "insult" that resulted from the event

- ## Economy :: PORTUGAL

- Economy - overview:
  Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community - the EU's predecessor - in 1986. Over the following two decades, successive governments privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country joined the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 1999 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU members. The economy grew by more than the EU average for much of the 1990s, but the rate of growth slowed in 2001-08. The economy contracted in 2009, and fell again from 2011 to 2014, as the government implemented spending cuts and tax increases to comply with conditions of an EU-IMF financial rescue package, signed in May 2011. A modest recovery began in 2013 and gathered steam in in 2014 due to strong export performance and a rebound in private consumption. Although austerity measures were instituted to reduce the large budget deficit, they contributed to record unemployment and a wave of emigration not seen since the 1960s. A continued reduction in private- and public-sector debt could weigh on consumption and investment in 2015, holding back a stronger recovery. The government of Pedro PASSOS COELHO has passed legislation aimed at reducing labor market rigidity, and, this, along with sustained fiscal discipline, could make Portugal more attractive to foreign direct investment. The government reduced the budget deficit from 11.2% of GDP in 2010 to 4.8% in 2014, a figure that is significantly higher than the EU-IMF target of 4%. The government has pledged to lower the deficit to under 3% of GDP in 2015 in order to comply with EU fiscal obligations, under the excessive deficit procedure. Legislative elections in 2015 could increase the risk of fiscal slippage and undermine investor confidence in Portugal’s economy, which has improved over the course of the EU-IMF program. EU-IMF financing expired in May 2014.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $280.4 billion (2014 est.)
  $277.9 billion (2013 est.)
  $282.4 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 55
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $230 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  0.9% (2014 est.)
  -1.6% (2013 est.)
  -4% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 184
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $27,000 (2014 est.)
  $26,700 (2013 est.)
  $27,200 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 64
  Gross national saving:
  15.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
  15% of GDP (2013 est.)
  14.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 109
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 64.6%
  government consumption: 19.1%
  investment in fixed capital: 15%
  investment in inventories: -0.1%
  exports of goods and services: 39.6%
  imports of goods and services: -38.2%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 2.6%
  industry: 22.4%
  services: 75% (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  grain, potatoes, tomatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, dairy products; fish
  Industries:
  textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism, plastics, financial services, optics
  Industrial production growth rate:
  -1.3% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 126
  Labor force:
  5.226 million (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 74
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 8.6%
  industry: 23.9%
  services: 67.5% (2014 est.)
  Unemployment rate:
  13.9% (2014 est.)
  16.2% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 141
  Population below poverty line:
  18.7% (2012 est.)
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 3.1%
  highest 10%: 28.4% (1995 est.)
  Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  34.2 (2013 est.)
  34.2 (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 94
  Budget:
  revenues: $99.6 billion
  expenditures: $110.7 billion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  43.7% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 29
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  -4.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 161
  Public debt:
  128.7% of GDP (2014 est.)
  128% of GDP (2013 est.)
  note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
  country comparison to the world: 7
  Fiscal year:
  calendar year
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  -0.2% (2014 est.)
  0.3% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 20
  Central bank discount rate:
  0.05% (31 December 2014)
  0.25% (31 December 2013)
  note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area
  country comparison to the world: 140
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  5.08% (31 December 2014 est.)
  5.69% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 145
  Stock of narrow money:
  $91.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $97.65 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
  country comparison to the world: 40
  Stock of broad money:
  $296.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $316.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 34
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $394 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $428.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 31
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $126.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $57.04 billion (31 December 2013)
  $65.53 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 49
  Current account balance:
  $1.388 billion (2014 est.)
  $2.404 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 43
  Exports:
  $66.3 billion (2014 est.)
  $62.98 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 52
  Exports - commodities:
  agricultural products, foodstuffs, wine, oil products, chemical products, plastics and rubber, hides, leather, wood and cork, wood pulp and paper, textile materials, clothing, footwear, machinery and tools, base metals
  Exports - partners:
  Spain 23.7%, France 11.8%, Germany 11.8%, Angola 6.5%, UK 6.1%, US 4.2%, Netherlands 4% (2014)
  Imports:
  $76.11 billion (2014 est.)
  $72.63 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 39
  Imports - commodities:
  agricultural products, chemical products, vehicles and other transport material, optical and precision instruments, computer accessories and parts, semiconductors and related devices, oil products, base metals, food products, textile materials
  Imports - partners:
  Spain 32.6%, Germany 12.4%, France 7.1%, Italy 5.3%, Netherlands 5.1% (2014)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $14.92 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $17.55 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 67
  Debt - external:
  $508.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
  $482.2 billion (31 December 2011)
  country comparison to the world: 25
  Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
  $152.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $146.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 33
  Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
  $99.55 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $99.55 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 30
  Exchange rates:
  euros (EUR) per US dollar -
  0.7489 (2014 est.)
  0.7634 (2013 est.)
  0.78 (2012 est.)
  0.7185 (2011 est.)
  0.755 (2010 est.)

- ## Energy :: PORTUGAL

- Electricity - production:
  51.67 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 55
  Electricity - consumption:
  46.25 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 49
  Electricity - exports:
  5.324 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 42
  Electricity - imports:
  8.1 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 40
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  19.62 million kW (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 41
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  42.4% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 154
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 164
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  28.2% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 84
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  29.4% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 7
  Crude oil - production:
  0 bbl/day (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 94
  Crude oil - exports:
  0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 170
  Crude oil - imports:
  233,600 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 30
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  538,100 bbl (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 178
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  239,900 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 50
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  240,800 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 52
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  168,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 35
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  86,720 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 53
  Natural gas - production:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 182
  Natural gas - consumption:
  4.043 billion cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 64
  Natural gas - exports:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 163
  Natural gas - imports:
  4.174 billion cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 33
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 184
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  68.8 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 50

- ## Communications :: PORTUGAL

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 4.59 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 42 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 34
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 11.9 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 110 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 76
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: Portugal's telephone system has a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities
  domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations
  international: country code - 351; a combination of submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, North and East Africa, South Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores (2010)
  Broadcast media:
  Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP), the publicly owned TV broadcaster, operates 2 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations (2008)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 2, FM 63, shortwave 1 (2008)
  Television broadcast stations:
  42 (2008)
  Internet country code:
  .pt
  Internet users:
  total: 7.2 million
  percent of population: 66.1% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 52

- ## Transportation :: PORTUGAL

- Airports:
  64 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 77
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 43
  over 3,047 m: 5
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
  914 to 1,523 m: 15
  under 914 m: 8 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 21
  914 to 1,523 m: 1
  under 914 m:
  20 (2013)
  Pipelines:
  gas 1,344 km; oil 11 km; refined products 188 km (2013)
  Railways:
  total: 3,075.1 km
  broad gauge: 2,439 km 1.668-m gauge (1,633.4 km electrified)
  narrow gauge: 108.1 km 1.000-m gauge
  other: 528 km (gauge unspecified) (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 53
  Roadways:
  total: 82,900 km
  paved: 71,294 km (includes 2,613 km of expressways)
  unpaved: 11,606 km (2008)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Waterways:
  210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 95
  Merchant marine:
  total: 109
  by type: bulk carrier 8, cargo 35, carrier 1, chemical tanker 21, container 7, liquefied gas 6, passenger 13, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 9
  foreign-owned: 81 (Belgium 8, Colombia 1, Denmark 4, Germany 14, Greece 2, Italy 12, Japan 9, Mexico 1, Norway 2, Spain 18, Sweden 3, Switzerland 3, US 4)
  registered in other countries: 15 (Cyprus 2, Malta 3, Panama 10) (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 48
  Ports and terminals:
  major seaport(s): Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines
  LNG terminal (import): Sines

- ## Military :: PORTUGAL

- Military branches:
  Portuguese Army (Exercito Portuguesa), Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), Portuguese Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP) (2013)
  Military service age and obligation:
  18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service, but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1993, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; reserve obligation to age 35 (2012)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 2,566,264
  females age 16-49: 2,458,297 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 2,103,080
  females age 16-49: 2,018,004 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 62,208
  female: 54,786 (2010 est.)
  Military expenditures:
  1.29% of GDP (2014)
  1.2% of GDP (2013)
  1.78% of GDP (2012)
  country comparison to the world: 77

- ## Transnational Issues :: PORTUGAL

- Disputes - international:
  Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz
  Refugees and internally displaced persons:
  stateless persons: 14 (2014)
  Illicit drugs:
  seizing record amounts of Latin American cocaine destined for Europe; a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

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