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Africa :: Morocco

- ## Introduction :: MOROCCO

- Background:
  In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, a series of Moroccan Muslim dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad al-MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. The Alaouite Dynasty, to which the current Moroccan royal family belongs, dates from the 17th century. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily erode; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Sultan MOHAMMED V, the current monarch's grandfather, organized the new state as a constitutional monarchy and in 1957 assumed the title of king. Since Spain’s 1976 withdrawal from what is today called Western Sahara, Morocco has extended its de facto administrative control to roughly 80% of this territory; however, the UN does not recognize Morocco as the administering power for Western Sahara. The UN since 1991 has monitored a cease-fire between Morocco and the Polisario Front - Western Sahara's liberation movement - and leads ongoing negotiations over the status of the territory. King MOHAMMED VI in early 2011 responded to the spread of pro-democracy protests in the region by implementing a reform program that included a new constitution, passed by popular referendum in July 2011, under which some new powers were extended to parliament and the prime minister but ultimate authority remains in the hands of the monarch. In November 2011, the Justice and Development Party - a moderate Islamist party - won the largest number of seats in parliamentary elections, becoming the first Islamist party to lead the Moroccan Government.

- ## Geography :: MOROCCO

- Location:
  Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western Sahara
  Geographic coordinates:
  32 00 N, 5 00 W
  Map references:
  Africa
  Area:
  total: 446,550 sq km
  land: 446,300 sq km
  water: 250 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 58
  Area - comparative:
  slightly larger than California
  Land boundaries:
  total: 2,362.5 km
  border countries (3): Algeria 1,900 km, Western Sahara 444 km, Spain (Ceuta) 8 km, Spain (Melilla) 10.5 km
  note: an additional 75-meter border segment exists between Morocco and the Spanish exclave of Penon de Velez de la Gomera
  Coastline:
  1,835 km
  Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  contiguous zone: 24 nm
  exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
  continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
  Climate:
  Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior
  Terrain:
  mountainous northern coast and interior bordered by large plateaus with intermontane valleys, and fertile coastal plains
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Sebkha Tah -55 m
  highest point: Jebel Toubkal 4,165 m
  Natural resources:
  phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 67.5%
  arable land 17.5%; permanent crops 2.9%; permanent pasture 47.1%
  forest: 11.5%
  other: 21% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  14,850 sq km (2004)
  Total renewable water resources:
  29 cu km (2011)
  Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
  total: 12.61 cu km/yr (12%/4%/84%)
  per capita: 428.1 cu m/yr (2005)
  Natural hazards:
  northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts
  Environment - current issues:
  land degradation/desertification (soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing, destruction of vegetation); water supplies contaminated by raw sewage; siltation of reservoirs; oil pollution of coastal waters
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
  Geography - note:
  strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar

- ## People and Society :: MOROCCO

- Nationality:
  noun: Moroccan(s)
  adjective: Moroccan
  Ethnic groups:
  Arab-Berber 99%, other 1%
  Languages:
  Arabic (official), Berber languages (Tamazight (official), Tachelhit, Tarifit), French (often the language of business, government, and diplomacy)
  Religions:
  Muslim 99% (official; virtually all Sunni, <0.1% Shia), other 1% (includes Christian, Jewish, and Baha'i), Jewish about 6,000 (2010 est.)
  Population:
  33,322,699 (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 39
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 26.41% (male 4,469,461/female 4,330,904)
  15-24 years: 17.42% (male 2,886,637/female 2,919,324)
  25-54 years: 42.13% (male 6,788,601/female 7,249,887)
  55-64 years: 7.6% (male 1,262,634/female 1,271,492)
  65 years and over: 6.43% (male 964,900/female 1,178,859) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 50.1%
  youth dependency ratio: 40.9%
  elderly dependency ratio: 9.3%
  potential support ratio: 10.8% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 28.1 years
  male: 27.5 years
  female: 28.7 years (2014 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  1% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 117
  Birth rate:
  18.2 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 100
  Death rate:
  4.81 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 195
  Net migration rate:
  -3.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 186
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 60.2% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 2.26% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  Casablanca 3.515 million; RABAT (capital) 1.967 million; Fes 1.172 million; Marrakech 1.134 million; Tangier 982,000 (2015)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 23.6 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 27.92 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 19.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 74
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 76.71 years
  male: 73.64 years
  female: 79.94 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 79
  Total fertility rate:
  2.13 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 105
  Contraceptive prevalence rate:
  67.4% (2010/11)
  Health expenditures:
  6% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 101
  Physicians density:
  0.62 physicians/1,000 population (2009)
  Hospital bed density:
  0.9 beds/1,000 population (2012)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 98.7% of population
  rural: 65.3% of population
  total: 85.4% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 1.3% of population
  rural: 34.7% of population
  total: 14.6% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 84.1% of population
  rural: 65.5% of population
  total: 76.7% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 15.9% of population
  rural: 34.5% of population
  total: 23.3% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  0.16% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 99
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  30,600 (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 69
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  1,400 (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 67
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  21.7% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 114
  Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
  3.1% (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 113
  Education expenditures:
  6.6% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 59
  Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 68.5%
  male: 78.6%
  female: 58.8% (2015 est.)
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  total: 11 years
  male: 12 years
  female: 11 years (2010)
  Child labor - children ages 5-14:
  total number: 500,960
  percentage: 8% (2007 est.)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
  total: 18.6%
  male: 18.4%
  female: 19.2% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 60

- ## Government :: MOROCCO

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Kingdom of Morocco
  conventional short form: Morocco
  local long form: Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah
  local short form: Al Maghrib
  Government type:
  constitutional monarchy
  Capital:
  name: Rabat
  geographic coordinates: 34 01 N, 6 49 W
  time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  daylight saving time: +1 hr, begins last Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in September
  Administrative divisions:
  15 regions; Grand Casablanca, Chaouia-Ouardigha, Doukkala-Abda, Fes-Boulemane, Gharb-Chrarda-Beni Hssen, Guelmim-Es Smara, Laayoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra, Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz, Meknes-Tafilalet, Oriental, Rabat-Sale-Zemmour-Zaer, Souss-Massa-Draa, Tadla-Azilal, Tanger-Tetouan, Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate
  note: Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara, the political status of which is considered undetermined by the US Government; portions of the regions Guelmim-Es Smara and Laayoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra as claimed by Morocco lie within Western Sahara; Morocco also claims Oued Eddahab-Lagouira, another region that falls entirely within Western Sahara; as of April 2015, Morocco’s parliament was examining legislation to reduce the number of regions from 16 to 12 under its “advanced regionalization” plan
  Independence:
  2 March 1956 (from France)
  National holiday:
  Throne Day (accession of King MOHAMMED VI to the throne), 30 July (1999)
  Constitution:
  several previous; latest drafted 17 June 2011, approved by referendum 1 July 2011; note - sources disagree on whether the 2011 referendum was for a new constitution or for reforms to the previous constitution (2011)
  Legal system:
  mixed legal system of civil law based on French law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts by Constitutional Court
  International law organization participation:
  has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: King MOHAMMED VI (since 30 July 1999)
  head of government: Prime Minister Abdelillah BENKIRANE (since 29 November 2011)
  cabinet: Council of Ministers chosen by the prime minister in consultation with Parliament and appointed by the monarch
  elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch from the majority party following legislative elections
  Legislative branch:
  description: bicameral Parliament consists of the Chamber of Advisors (90-120 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college of local councils, professional organizations, and labor unions; members serve 6-year terms) and the Chamber of Representatives (395 seats; 305 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 90 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - in the national constituency, 60 seats are reserved for women and 30 reserved for young people
  elections: Chamber of Advisors- last held on 3 October 2009 (next scheduled for fall 2015); Chamber of Representatives - last held on 25 November 2011 (next to be held in 2016)
  election results: Chamber of Advisors- percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PJD 107, PI 60, RNI 52, PAM 47, USFP 39, MP 32, UC 23, PPS 18, other 17
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Supreme Court or Court of Cassation (consists of 5-judge panels organized into civil, family matters, commercial, administrative, social, and criminal sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 members)
  judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the Superior Council of Judicial Power, a 20-member body presided by the monarch and including the Supreme Court president, the prosecutor general, representatives of the appeals and first instance courts - among them 1 woman magistrate, the president of the National Council of the Rights of Man, and 5 "notable persons" appointed by the monarch; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court members - 6 designated by the monarch and 6 elected by Parliament; court president appointed by the monarch from among the court members; members serve 9-year non-renewable terms
  subordinate courts: courts of appeal; High Court of Justice; administrative and commercial courts; regional and sadad courts (for religious, civil and administrative, and penal adjudication); first instance courts
  Political parties and leaders:
  Action Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI]
  Al Ahd (The Covenant) Party [Najib EL OUAZZANI]
  An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati or An-Nahj [Abdellah EL HARIF]
  Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM [Mustapha BAKKOURY]
  Choura et Istiqlal (Consultation and Independence) Party or PCI [Abdelwahed MAACH]
  Citizens' Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI]
  Constitutional Union Party or UC [Mohammed ABIED]
  Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]
  Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Touhami EL KHIARI]
  Democratic Socialist Vanguard Party or PADS [Ahmed BENJELLOUN]
  Democratic Society Party or PSD [Zhor CHEKKAFI]
  Democratic Union or UD [Bouazza IKKEN]
  Environment and Development Party or PED [Ahmed EL ALAMI]
  Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI [Hamid CHABAT]
  Labor Party or LP [Abdelkrim BENATIK]
  Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Mohamed ZIANE]
  National Democratic Party or PND [Abdallah KADIRI]
  National Ittihadi Congress Party or CNI [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]
  National Popular Movement or MNP [Mahjoubi AHERDANE]
  National Rally of Independents or RNI [Salaheddine MEZOUAR]
  Neo-Democrats Party [Mohamed DARIF]
  Party of Justice and Development or PJD [Abdelillah BENKIRANE]
  Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]
  Progress and Socialism Party or PPS [Nabil BENABDELLAH]
  Reform and Development Party or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN]
  Renaissance and Virtue Party or PRV [Mohamed KHALIDI]
  Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR]
  Social Center Party or PSC [Lahcen MADIH]
  Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Driss LACHGAR]
  Unified Socialist Party or GSU [Nabila MOUNIB]
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir EL AMAOUI]
  General Union of Moroccan Workers or UGTM [Mohamed KAFI CHERRAT]
  Justice and Charity Organization or JCO [Mohammed ben Abdesslam ABBADI]
  Moroccan Employers Association or CGEM [Miriem BENSALAH-CHAQROUN]
  National Labor Union of Morocco or UNMT [Mohamed YATIM]
  Union of Moroccan Workers or UMT [Miloudi EL MOUKHARIK]
  International organization participation:
  ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Mohammed Rachad BOUHLAL (since 22 December 2011)
  chancery: 1601 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
  telephone: [1] (202) 462-7980
  FAX: [1] (202) 462-7643
  consulate(s) general: New York
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Dwight L. BUSH, Sr. (since 8 April 2014)
  embassy: Km 5.7 Avenue Mohammed VI, Souissi, Rabat
  mailing address: Unit 9400, Box Front Office, DPO, AE 09718
  telephone: [212] 537 63 7777
  FAX: [212] 537 63 7201
  consulate(s) general: Casablanca
  Flag description:
  red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Sulayman's (Solomon's) seal in the center of the flag; red and green are traditional colors in Arab flags, although the use of red is more commonly associated with the Arab states of the Persian Gulf; the pentacle represents the five pillars of Islam and signifies the association between God and the nation; design dates to 1912
  National symbol(s):
  pentacle symbol, lion; national colors: red, green
  National anthem:
  name: "Hymne Cherifien" (Hymn of the Sharif)
  lyrics/music: Ali Squalli HOUSSAINI/Leo MORGAN
  note: music adopted 1956, lyrics adopted 1970

- ## Economy :: MOROCCO

- Economy - overview:
  Morocco has capitalized on its proximity to Europe and relatively low labor costs to build a diverse, open, market-oriented economy. In the 1980s Morocco was a heavily indebted country before pursuing austerity measures and pro-market reforms, overseen by the IMF. Since taking the throne in 1999, King MOHAMMED VI has presided over a stable economy marked by steady growth, low inflation, and gradually falling unemployment, although poor harvests and economic difficulties in Europe contributed to an economic slowdown. Industrial development strategies and infrastructure improvements - most visibly illustrated by a new port and free trade zone near Tangier - are improving Morocco's competitiveness. Morocco also seeks to expand its renewable energy capacity with a goal of making renewable more than 40% of electricity output by 2020. Key sectors of the economy include agriculture, tourism, aerospace, phosphates, textiles, apparel, and subcomponents. To boost exports, Morocco entered into a bilateral Free Trade Agreement with the United States in 2006 and an Advanced Status agreement with the European Union in 2008. Despite Morocco's economic progress, the country suffers from high unemployment, poverty, and illiteracy, particularly in rural areas. In 2011 and 2012, high prices on fuel - which is subsidized and almost entirely imported - strained the government's budget and widened the country's current account deficit. In 2014, Morocco ended subsidies on diesel, gasoline, and fuel oil which have improved its budget deficit. Subsidies on sugar, butane gas, and flour remain. Morocco’s current account deficit has also benefit from the fall in oil prices. Key economic challenges for Morocco include reforming the education system and the judiciary, while increasing the competitiveness of the private sector.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $252.4 billion (2014 est.)
  $245.2 billion (2013 est.)
  $234.9 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 57
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $109.2 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  2.9% (2014 est.)
  4.4% (2013 est.)
  2.7% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 91
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $7,600 (2014 est.)
  $7,400 (2013 est.)
  $7,100 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 150
  Gross national saving:
  28.1% of GDP (2014 est.)
  26.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
  25.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 38
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 60.6%
  government consumption: 19%
  investment in fixed capital: 30%
  investment in inventories: 4%
  exports of goods and services: 33.7%
  imports of goods and services: -47.3%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 14%
  industry: 24.9%
  services: 61.1% (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  barley, wheat, citrus fruits, grapes, vegetables, olives; livestock; wine
  Industries:
  automotive parts, phosphate mining and processing, aerospace, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, energy, tourism
  Industrial production growth rate:
  2.7% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 109
  Labor force:
  12 million (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 47
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 39.1%
  industry: 20.3%
  services: 40.5% (2014 est.)
  Unemployment rate:
  9.1% (2014 est.)
  9.2% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 109
  Population below poverty line:
  15% (2007 est.)
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 2.7%
  highest 10%: 33.2% (2007)
  Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  40.9 (2007 est.)
  39.5 (1999 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 54
  Budget:
  revenues: $29.4 billion
  expenditures: $34.99 billion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  26.1% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 110
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  -5% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 165
  Public debt:
  76.6% of GDP (2014 est.)
  73.1% of GDP (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 33
  Fiscal year:
  calendar year
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  0.4% (2014 est.)
  1.9% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 40
  Central bank discount rate:
  6.5% (31 December 2010)
  3.31% (31 December 2009)
  country comparison to the world: 58
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  6% (31 December 2014 est.)
  6.23% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 137
  Stock of narrow money:
  $77.75 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $77.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 42
  Stock of broad money:
  $92.72 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $92.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 56
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $122.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $124.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 49
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $52.63 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
  $60.09 billion (31 December 2011)
  $69.15 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 52
  Current account balance:
  -$6.384 billion (2014 est.)
  -$8.692 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 176
  Exports:
  $19.56 billion (2014 est.)
  $18.26 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 74
  Exports - commodities:
  clothing and textiles, automobiles, electric components, inorganic chemicals, transistors, crude minerals, fertilizers (including phosphates), petroleum products, citrus fruits, vegetables, fish
  Exports - partners:
  France 20.9%, Spain 19.9%, Brazil 5.8%, US 4% (2013)
  Imports:
  $40.04 billion (2014 est.)
  $39.85 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 62
  Imports - commodities:
  crude petroleum, textile fabric, telecommunications equipment, wheat, gas and electricity, transistors, plastics
  Imports - partners:
  Spain 14%, France 12.7%, China 7.1%, US 6.9%, Saudi Arabia 6.5%, Italy 5.3%, Germany 4.7%, Russia 4.5% (2013)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $20.97 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $19.26 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Debt - external:
  $35.54 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $34.93 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 69
  Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
  $49.26 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  $45.62 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
  $1.219 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $1.731 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 79
  Exchange rates:
  Moroccan dirhams (MAD) per US dollar -
  8.24 (2014 est.)
  8.3803 (2013 est.)
  8.6 (2012 est.)
  8.0899 (2011 est.)
  8.4172 (2010 est.)

- ## Energy :: MOROCCO

- Electricity - production:
  23.65 billion kWh (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 70
  Electricity - consumption:
  25.14 billion kWh (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 66
  Electricity - exports:
  818 million kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 62
  Electricity - imports:
  5.66 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 38
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  6.413 million kW (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 69
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  73.2% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 105
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 140
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  22% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 90
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  4.9% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 56
  Crude oil - production:
  5,500 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 88
  Crude oil - exports:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 155
  Crude oil - imports:
  122,900 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 43
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  680,000 bbl (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 99
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  131,500 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 67
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  209,400 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  20,830 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 71
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  143,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 38
  Natural gas - production:
  62.03 million cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 84
  Natural gas - consumption:
  1.084 billion cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 88
  Natural gas - exports:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 145
  Natural gas - imports:
  1.022 billion cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 61
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  1.444 billion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 100
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  39.35 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 70

- ## Communications :: MOROCCO

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 2.49 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 54
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 44.1 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 134 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 32
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: good system composed of open-wire lines, cables, and microwave radio relay links; principal switching centers are Casablanca and Rabat; national network nearly 100% digital using fiber-optic links; improved rural service employs microwave radio relay; Internet available but expensive
  domestic: fixed-line teledensity is roughly 10 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership exceeds 100 per 100 persons
  international: country code - 212; landing point for the Atlas Offshore, Estepona-Tetouan, Euroafrica, Spain-Morocco, and SEA-ME-WE-3 fiber-optic telecommunications undersea cables that provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria; participant in Medarabtel; fiber-optic cable link from Agadir to Algeria and Tunisia (2011)
  Broadcast media:
  2 TV broadcast networks with state-run Radio-Television Marocaine (RTM) operating one network and the state partially owning the other; foreign TV broadcasts are available via satellite dish; 3 radio broadcast networks with RTM operating one; the government-owned network includes 10 regional radio channels in addition to its national service (2007)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM NA, FM 15, shortwave NA (2009)
  Television broadcast stations:
  8 (2009)
  Internet country code:
  .ma
  Internet users:
  total: 19.9 million
  percent of population: 60.3% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 29

- ## Transportation :: MOROCCO

- Airports:
  55 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 86
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 31
  over 3,047 m: 11
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
  914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 24
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
  914 to 1,523 m: 11
  under 914 m:
  5 (2013)
  Heliports:
  1 (2013)
  Pipelines:
  gas 944 km; oil 270 km; refined products 175 km (2013)
  Railways:
  total: 2,067 km
  standard gauge: 2,067 km 1.435-m gauge (1,022 km electrified) (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 70
  Roadways:
  total: 58,395 km
  paved: 41,116 km (includes 1,080 km of expressways)
  unpaved: 17,279 km (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 73
  Merchant marine:
  total: 26
  by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 3, container 6, passenger/cargo 14, roll on/roll off 2
  foreign-owned: 14 (France 3, Germany 1, Italy 1, Spain 9)
  registered in other countries: 4 (Gibraltar 4) (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 88
  Ports and terminals:
  major seaport(s): Casablanca, Jorf Lasfar, Mohammedia, Safi, Tangier
  container port(s) (TEUs): Tangier (2,093,408)
  LNG terminal(s) (import): Jorf Lasfar

- ## Military :: MOROCCO

- Military branches:
  Royal Armed Forces (Forces Armees Royales, FAR): Royal Moroccan Army (includes Air Defense), Royal Moroccan Navy (includes Coast Guard, Marines), Royal Moroccan Air Force (Al Quwwat al Jawyiya al Malakiya Marakishiya; Force Aerienne Royale Marocaine) (2010)
  Military service age and obligation:
  20 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; service obligation - 18 months (2012)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 8,252,682
  females age 16-49: 8,691,419 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 7,026,016
  females age 16-49: 7,377,045 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 300,327
  female: 298,366 (2010 est.)
  Military expenditures:
  3.55% of GDP (2012)
  3.37% of GDP (2011)
  3.55% of GDP (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 14

- ## Transnational Issues :: MOROCCO

- Disputes - international:
  claims and administers Western Sahara whose sovereignty remains unresolved; Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, the islands of Penon de Alhucemas and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island); discussions have not progressed on a comprehensive maritime delimitation, setting limits on resource exploration and refugee interdiction, since Morocco's 2002 rejection of Spain's unilateral designation of a median line from the Canary Islands; Morocco serves as one of the primary launching areas of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; the National Liberation Front's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco is a dormant dispute
  Trafficking in persons:
  current situation: Morocco is a source, destination, and transit country for men, women, and children who are subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Moroccan adults and children are exploited for forced labor and forced prostitution in the Middle East and Europe; some Moroccan girls recruited to work as maids experience conditions of forced labor, while some Moroccan boys experience forced labor when working as apprentices in the artisan and construction industries and in mechanic shops; women and children from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia who voluntarily enter Morocco are subsequently coerced into prostitution or, less frequently, forced domestic service
  tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List – Morocco does not comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; nevertheless, in 2013, the government did not demonstrate progress in investigating, prosecuting, convicting, and adequately punishing trafficking offenders and provided limited law enforcement data; the government did not develop or employ systematic procedures to proactively identify trafficking victims and provided limited to no social or protective services, relying heavily on NGOs to supply care ; Morocco continues to lack a single comprehensive anti-trafficking law (2014)
  Illicit drugs:
  one of the world's largest producers of illicit hashish; shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; significant consumer of cannabis

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