Central America and Caribbean :: Saint Barthelemy (overseas collectivity of France)

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## Introduction ::Saint Barthelemy

Background:
Discovered in 1493 by Christopher COLUMBUS who named it for his brother Bartolomeo, Saint Barthelemy was first settled by the French in 1648. In 1784, the French sold the island to Sweden, who renamed the largest town Gustavia, after the Swedish King GUSTAV III, and made it a free port; the island prospered as a trade and supply center during the colonial wars of the 18th century. France repurchased the island in 1877 and took control the following year. It was placed under the administration of Guadeloupe. Saint Barthelemy retained its free port status along with various Swedish appellations such as Swedish street and town names, and the three-crown symbol on the coat of arms. In 2003, the populace of the island voted to secede from Guadeloupe and in 2007, the island became a French overseas collectivity.

## Geography ::Saint Barthelemy

Location:
Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean; located in the Leeward Islands (northern) group; Saint Barthelemy lies east of the US Virgin Islands
Geographic coordinates:
17 90 N, 62 85 W
Map references:
Central America and the Caribbean
Area:
21 sq km
Area - comparative:
less than an eighth of the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
0 km
Climate:
tropical, with practically no variation in temperature; has two seasons (dry and humid)
Terrain:
hilly, almost completely surrounded by shallow-water reefs, with plentiful beaches
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne du Vitet 286 m
Natural resources:
has few natural resources, its beaches being the most important
Environment - current issues:
with no natural rivers or streams, fresh water is in short supply, especially in summer, and provided by desalinization of sea water, collection of rain water, or imported via water tanker

## People and Society ::Saint Barthelemy

Ethnic groups:
white, Creole (mulatto), black, Guadeloupe Mestizo (French-East Asia)
Languages:
French (primary), English
Religions:
Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jehovah's Witnesses
Population:
7,298 (July 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 228
Age structure:
0-14 years: 18.2% (male 682/female 646) 15-24 years: 6.8% (male 262/female 235) 25-54 years: 47% (male 1,870/female 1,560) 55-64 years: 14.7% (male 580/female 495) 65 years and over: 13.3% (male 484/female 484) (2013 est.) population pyramid:
Median age:
total: 41.7 years male: 41.8 years female: 41.6 years (2013 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.12 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.2 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 1.17 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female total population: 1.14 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Education expenditures:
NA

## Government ::Saint Barthelemy

Country name:
conventional long form: Overseas Collectivity of Saint Barthelemy conventional short form: Saint Barthelemy local long form: Collectivite d'outre mer de Saint-Barthelemy local short form: Saint-Barthelemy abbreviation: Saint-Barth (French); St. Barts or St. Barths (English)
Dependency status:
overseas collectivity of France
Capital:
name: Gustavia geographic coordinates: 17 53 N, 62 51 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Independence:
none (overseas collectivity of France)
National holiday:
Fete de la Federation, 14 July (1789); note - local holiday is St. Barthelemy Day, 24 August (1572)
Constitution:
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Legal system:
French civil law
Suffrage:
18 years of age, universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Francois HOLLANDE (since 15 May 2012), represented by Deputy Prefect Philippe CHOPIN (since 16 November 2011) head of government: President of the Territorial Council Bruno MAGRAS (since 16 July 2007) cabinet: Executive Council; note - there is also an advisory, economic, social, and cultural council (For more information visit the World Leaders website ) elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the Territorial Council elected by the members of the Council for a five-year term election results: Bruno MAGRAS unanimously elected president by the Territorial Council on 16 July 2007 (next to be held in 2012)
Legislative branch:
unicameral Territorial Council (19 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 18 March 2012 (next to be held in July 2017) election results: percent of vote by party - SBA 73.8%, Ensemble pour Saint-Barthelemy 15.9%, Tous Unis pour Saint-Barthelemy 10.3%; seats by party - SBA 16, Ensemble pour Saint-Barthelemy 2, Tous Unis pour Saint-Barthelemy 1 note: Saint Barthelemy elects one seat to the French Senate; election last held on 21 September 2008 (next to be held in September 2014); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1; one seat (shared with Saint Martin) was elected to the French National Assembly on 17 June 1012 (next to be held by June 2017); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1
Political parties and leaders:
Action-Equilibre-Transparence [Maxime DESOUCHES] Ensemble pour Saint-Barthelemy [Benoit CHAUVIN] Saint-Barth d'Abord! or SBA [Bruno MAGRAS] Tous Unis pour Saint-Barthelemy [Karine MIOT-RICHARD]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
The Marine Reserve (protection of fish) Rotary Club
International organization participation:
UPU
Diplomatic representation in the US:
none (overseas collectivity of France)
Diplomatic representation from the US:
none (overseas collectivity of France)
Flag description:
the flag of France is used
National anthem:
name: "L'Hymne a St. Barthelemy" (Hymn to St. Barthelemy) lyrics/music: Isabelle Massart DERAVIN/Michael VALENTI note: local anthem in use since 1999; as a collectivity of France, "La Marseillaise" is official (see France)

## Economy ::Saint Barthelemy

Economy - overview:
The economy of Saint Barthelemy is based upon high-end tourism and duty-free luxury commerce, serving visitors primarily from North America. The luxury hotels and villas host 70,000 visitors each year with another 130,000 arriving by boat. The relative isolation and high cost of living inhibits mass tourism. The construction and public sectors also enjoy significant investment in support of tourism. With limited fresh water resources, all food must be imported, as must all energy resources and most manufactured goods. Employment is strong and attracts labor from Brazil and Portugal.
Exchange rates:
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7838 (2012 est.) 0.7185 (2011 est.) 0.755 (2010 est.) 0.7198 (2009 est.) 0.6827 (2008 est.)

## Communications ::Saint Barthelemy

Telephone system:
general assessment: fully integrated access domestic: direct dial capability with both fixed and wireless systems international: country code - 590; undersea fiber-optic cable provides voice and data connectivity to Puerto Rico and Guadeloupe (2008)
Broadcast media:
no local TV broadcasters; 3 FM radio channels (2 via repeater)
Internet country code:
.bl; note - .gp, the Internet country code for Guadeloupe, and .fr, the Internet country code for France, might also be encountered

## Transportation ::Saint Barthelemy

Airports:
1 (2012) country comparison to the world: 234
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2012)
Ports and terminals:
Gustavia
Transportation - note:
nearest airport for international flights is Princess Juliana International Airport (SXM) located on Sint Maarten

## Military ::Saint Barthelemy

Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 1,495 females age 16-49: 1,263 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 23 female: 21 (2010 est.)
Military - note:
defense is the responsibility of France

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