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Central America and Caribbean :: Bahamas, The

- ## Introduction :: BAHAMAS, THE

- Background:
  Lucayan Indians inhabited the islands when Christopher COLUMBUS first set foot in the New World on San Salvador in 1492. British settlement of the islands began in 1647; the islands became a colony in 1783. Since attaining independence from the UK in 1973, The Bahamas has prospered through tourism, international banking, and investment management. Because of its location, the country is a major transshipment point for illegal drugs, particularly shipments to the US and Europe, and its territory is used for smuggling illegal migrants into the US.

- ## Geography :: BAHAMAS, THE

- Location:
  chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba
  Geographic coordinates:
  24 15 N, 76 00 W
  Map references:
  Central America and the Caribbean
  Area:
  total: 13,880 sq km
  land: 10,010 sq km
  water: 3,870 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 161
  Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than Connecticut
  Land boundaries:
  0 km
  Coastline:
  3,542 km
  Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
  Climate:
  tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream
  Terrain:
  long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
  highest point: Mount Alvernia on Cat Island 63 m
  Natural resources:
  salt, aragonite, timber, arable land
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 1.4%
  arable land 0.8%; permanent crops 0.4%; permanent pasture 0.2%
  forest: 51.4%
  other: 47.2% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  10 sq km (2003)
  Total renewable water resources:
  0.02 cu km (2011)
  Natural hazards:
  hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage
  Environment - current issues:
  coral reef decay; solid waste disposal
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
  Geography - note:
  strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain of which 30 are inhabited

- ## People and Society :: BAHAMAS, THE

- Nationality:
  noun: Bahamian(s)
  adjective: Bahamian
  Ethnic groups:
  black 90.6%, white 4.7%, black and white 2.1%, other 1.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2010 est.)
  Languages:
  English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)
  Religions:
  Protestant 69.9% (includes Baptist 34.9%, Anglican 13.7%, Pentecostal 8.9% Seventh Day Adventist 4.4%, Methodist 3.6%, Church of God 1.9%, Brethren 1.6%), Roman Catholic 12%, other Christian 13% (includes Jehovah's Witness 1.1%), other 0.6%, none 1.9%, unspecified 2.6% (2010 est.)
  Population:
  324,597
  note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 180
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 22.98% (male 37,838/female 36,747)
  15-24 years: 17.15% (male 28,195/female 27,459)
  25-54 years: 44.08% (male 71,528/female 71,555)
  55-64 years: 8.58% (male 12,429/female 15,436)
  65 years and over: 7.21% (male 8,981/female 14,429) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 41.2%
  youth dependency ratio: 29.6%
  elderly dependency ratio: 11.7%
  potential support ratio: 8.5% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 31.5 years
  male: 30.4 years
  female: 32.6 years (2015 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  0.85% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 129
  Birth rate:
  15.5 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 127
  Death rate:
  7.05 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 133
  Net migration rate:
  0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 108
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 82.9% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 1.53% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  NASSAU (capital) 267,000 (2014)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 0.81 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Maternal mortality rate:
  80 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 111
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 11.92 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 11.75 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 12.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 124
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 72.2 years
  male: 69.77 years
  female: 74.7 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 142
  Total fertility rate:
  1.96 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 129
  Health expenditures:
  7.3% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 70
  Physicians density:
  2.82 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
  Hospital bed density:
  2.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 98.4% of population
  rural: 98.4% of population
  total: 98.4% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 1.6% of population
  rural: 1.6% of population
  total: 1.6% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 92% of population
  rural: 92% of population
  total: 92% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 8% of population
  rural: 8% of population
  total: 8% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  3.22% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 19
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  7,700 (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 103
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  500 (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 85
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  36.6% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 13
  Education expenditures:
  NA
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
  total: 30.8%
  male: 29.6%
  female: 32.2% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 24

- ## Government :: BAHAMAS, THE

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Commonwealth of The Bahamas
  conventional short form: The Bahamas
  etymology: name derives from the Spanish "baha mar," meaning "shallow sea," which describes the shallow waters of the Bahama Banks
  Government type:
  constitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
  Capital:
  name: Nassau
  geographic coordinates: 25 05 N, 77 21 W
  time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
  Administrative divisions:
  31 districts; Acklins Islands, Berry Islands, Bimini, Black Point, Cat Island, Central Abaco, Central Andros, Central Eleuthera, City of Freeport, Crooked Island and Long Cay, East Grand Bahama, Exuma, Grand Cay, Harbour Island, Hope Town, Inagua, Long Island, Mangrove Cay, Mayaguana, Moore's Island, North Abaco, North Andros, North Eleuthera, Ragged Island, Rum Cay, San Salvador, South Abaco, South Andros, South Eleuthera, Spanish Wells, West Grand Bahama
  Independence:
  10 July 1973 (from the UK)
  National holiday:
  Independence Day, 10 July (1973)
  Constitution:
  previous 1964 (preindependence); latest adopted 20 June 1973, effective 10 July 1973; amended many times, last in 2012 (2015)
  Legal system:
  common law system based on the English model
  International law organization participation:
  has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
  Citizenship:
  citizenship by birth: no
  citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of The Bahamas
  dual citizenship recognized: no
  residency requirement for naturalization: 6-9 years
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Dame Marguerite PINDLING (since 8 July 2014)
  head of government: Prime Minister Perry CHRISTIE (since 8 May 2012)
  cabinet: Cabinet appointed by governor general on recommendation of prime minister
  elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister
  Legislative branch:
  description: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (16 seats; members appointed by the governor general upon the advice of the prime minister and the opposition leader to serve 5-year terms) and the House of Assembly (38 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms); note - the government may dissolve the parliament and call elections at any time
  elections: last held on 7 May 2012 (next to be held by May 2017)
  election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 48.6%, FNM 42.1%, DNA 8.5%, other.8%; seats by party - PLP 29, FNM 9
  Judicial branch:
  highest resident court(s): The Bahamas Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 4 justices, organized in 3-member panels); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 9 justices – as of 2015)
  note: as of 2008, the Bahamas was not a party to the agreement establishing the Caribbean Court of Justice as the highest appellate court for the 15-member Caribbean Community (CARICOM); the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) serves as the final court of appeal for The Bahamas
  judge selection and term of office: Court of Appeal president and Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister after consultation with the leader of the opposition party; other Court of Appeal and Supreme Court justices appointed by the governor general upon recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, a 5-member body headed by the chief justice; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 68, but can be extended until age 70; Supreme Court justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 65 but can be extended until age 67
  subordinate courts: Industrial Tribunal; Stipendiary and Magistrates' Courts; Family Island Administrators
  Political parties and leaders:
  Free National Movement or FNM [Hubert MINNIS]
  Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]
  Democratic National Alliance [Branville MCCARTNEY]
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  Friends of the Environment
  other: trade unions
  International organization participation:
  ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Eugene Glenwood NEWRY (since 3 December 2013)
  chancery: 2220 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 319-2660
  FAX: [1] (202) 319-2668
  consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Miami, New York
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d' Affaires Lisa A. JOHNSON (since 9 July 2014
  embassy: 42 Queen Street, Nassau, New Providence
  mailing address: local or express mail address: P. O. Box N-8197, Nassau; US Department of State, 3370 Nassau Place, Washington, DC 20521-3370
  telephone: [1] (242) 322-1181, 328-2206 (after hours)
  FAX: [1] (242) 328-2206
  Flag description:
  three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side; the band colors represent the golden beaches of the islands surrounded by the aquamarine sea; black represents the vigor and force of a united people, while the pointing triangle indicates the enterprise and determination of the Bahamian people to develop the rich resources of land and sea
  National symbol(s):
  blue marlin, flamingo, Yellow Elder flower; national colors: aquamarine, yellow, black
  National anthem:
  name: "March On, Bahamaland!"
  lyrics/music: Timothy GIBSON
  note: adopted 1973; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, "God Save the Queen" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)

- ## Economy :: BAHAMAS, THE

- Economy - overview:
  The Bahamas is one of the wealthiest Caribbean countries with an economy heavily dependent on tourism and offshore banking. Tourism together with tourism-driven construction and manufacturing accounts for approximately 60% of GDP and directly or indirectly employs half of the archipelago's labor force. Financial services constitute the second-most important sector of the Bahamian economy and, when combined with business services, account for about 35% of GDP. Manufacturing and agriculture combined contribute less than one 10th of GDP and show little growth, despite government incentives aimed at those sectors. The economy of The Bahamas shrank at an average pace of 0.8% annually between 2007 and 2011, and tourism, financial services, and construction - pillars of the national economy - remain subdued. Conditions are improving in the tourism sector, however, due to steady foreign investment led activity. New resort and marina developments are likely to provide sustained employment opportunities.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $9.031 billion (2014 est.)
  $8.94 billion (2013 est.)
  $8.938 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 160
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $8.511 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  1% (2014 est.)
  0% (2013 est.)
  2.2% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 181
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $25,100 (2014 est.)
  $24,800 (2013 est.)
  $24,800 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 72
  Gross national saving:
  6.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
  9.3% of GDP (2013 est.)
  10% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 159
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 72.5%
  government consumption: 15.8%
  investment in fixed capital: 27.7%
  investment in inventories: 1.1%
  exports of goods and services: 43.9%
  imports of goods and services: -60.9%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 2.1%
  industry: 7.3%
  services: 90.6% (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  citrus, vegetables; poultry
  Industries:
  tourism, banking, oil bunkering, maritime industries, transshipment, salt, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals
  Industrial production growth rate:
  1.5% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 120
  Labor force:
  196,900 (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 171
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 3%
  industry: 11%
  tourism: 49%
  other services: 37% (2011 est.)
  Unemployment rate:
  15% (2014 est.)
  15.8% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 153
  Population below poverty line:
  9.3% (2010 est.)
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 1%
  highest 10%: 22% (2007)
  Budget:
  revenues: $1.6 billion
  expenditures: $1.7 billion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  18.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 174
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  -1.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 71
  Public debt:
  57.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
  56.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 60
  Fiscal year:
  1 July - 30 June
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  1.2% (2014 est.)
  0.4% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 75
  Central bank discount rate:
  4.5% (1 January 2014)
  4.5% (31 December 2012)
  country comparison to the world: 82
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  4.75% (31 December 2014 est.)
  4.75% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 152
  Stock of narrow money:
  $1.996 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $1.641 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 130
  Stock of broad money:
  $6.453 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $6.076 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 121
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $8.825 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $8.926 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 106
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $2.78 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 96
  Current account balance:
  -$1.891 billion (2014 est.)
  -$1.494 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 143
  Exports:
  $848.8 million (2014 est.)
  $954.9 million (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 163
  Exports - commodities:
  crawfish, aragonite, crude salt, polystyrene products
  Exports - partners:
  Cote d'Ivoire 20.5%, US 14.7%, India 13.4%, Dominican Republic 10.6%, Mexico 6.9%, Ecuador 4.9% (2014)
  Imports:
  $3.27 billion (2014 est.)
  $3.166 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 144
  Imports - commodities:
  machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, mineral fuels; food and live animals
  Imports - partners:
  US 30.8%, Japan 11.4%, Singapore 9.4%, South Korea 7.7%, Colombia 7.4%, China 6.8%, Brazil 5.6% (2014)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $950 million (31 December 2015 est.)
  $874.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 136
  Debt - external:
  $17.56 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  $16.35 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 90
  Exchange rates:
  Bahamian dollars (BSD) per US dollar -
  1 (2014 est.)
  1 (2013 est.)
  1 (2012 est.)
  1 (2011 est.)
  1 (2010 est.)

- ## Energy :: BAHAMAS, THE

- Electricity - production:
  1.845 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 140
  Electricity - consumption:
  1.716 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 144
  Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 106
  Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 121
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  493,000 kW (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 142
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  100% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 5
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 50
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 162
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 157
  Crude oil - production:
  0 bbl/day (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 110
  Crude oil - exports:
  0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 100
  Crude oil - imports:
  0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 161
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  0 bbl (1 January 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 109
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 158
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  23,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 124
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  41,650 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 61
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  64,430 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 71
  Natural gas - production:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 159
  Natural gas - consumption:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 119
  Natural gas - exports:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 62
  Natural gas - imports:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 162
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 114
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  3.836 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 134

- ## Communications :: BAHAMAS, THE

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 140,000
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 140
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 273,300
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 85 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 178
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: modern facilities
  domestic: totally automatic system; highly developed; the Bahamas Domestic Submarine Network links 14 of the islands and is designed to satisfy increasing demand for voice and broadband Internet services
  international: country code - 1-242; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic submarine cable that provides links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 (2007)
  Broadcast media:
  2 TV stations operated by government-owned, commercially run Broadcasting Corporation of the Bahamas (BCB); multi-channel cable TV subscription service is available; about 15 radio stations operating with BCB operating a multi-channel radio broadcasting network alongside privately owned radio stations (2007)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 3, FM 11, shortwave 0 (2009)
  Television broadcast stations:
  2 (2006)
  Internet country code:
  .bs
  Internet users:
  total: 247,200
  percent of population: 76.8% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 151

- ## Transportation :: BAHAMAS, THE

- Airports:
  61 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 80
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 24
  over 3,047 m: 2
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 13
  914 to 1,523 m: 7 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 37
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
  914 to 1,523 m: 16
  under 914 m:
  17 (2013)
  Heliports:
  1 (2013)
  Roadways:
  total: 2,700 km
  paved: 1,620 km
  unpaved: 1,080 km (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 171
  Merchant marine:
  total: 1,160
  by type: barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 238, cargo 170, carrier 2, chemical tanker 87, combination ore/oil 8, container 57, liquefied gas 71, passenger 102, passenger/cargo 26, petroleum tanker 225, refrigerated cargo 97, roll on/roll off 13, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 61
  foreign-owned: 1,069 (Angola 6, Australia 1, Belgium 6, Bermuda 15, Brazil 1, Canada 96, Croatia 1, Cyprus 23, Denmark 69, Finland 8, France 15, Germany 30, Greece 225, Guernsey 6, Hong Kong 3, Indonesia 2, Ireland 3, Italy 1, Japan 88, Jordan 2, Kuwait 1, Malaysia 13, Monaco 8, Montenegro 2, Netherlands 23, Nigeria 2, Norway 186, Poland 34, Saudi Arabia 16, Singapore 7, South Korea 1, Spain 6, Sweden 11, Switzerland 1, Thailand 4, Turkey 3, UAE 23, UK 18, US 109)
  registered in other countries: 6 (Panama 6) (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 10
  Ports and terminals:
  major seaport(s): Freeport, Nassau, South Riding Point
  container port(s) (TEUs): Freeport (1,116,272)(2011)
  cruise port(s): Nassau

- ## Military :: BAHAMAS, THE

- Military branches:
  Royal Bahamas Defense Force: Land Force, Navy, Air Wing (2011)
  Military service age and obligation:
  18 years of age for voluntary male and female service; no conscription (2012)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 85,568 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 63,429
  females age 16-49: 64,645 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 2,829
  female: 2,750 (2010 est.)

- ## Transnational Issues :: BAHAMAS, THE

- Disputes - international:
  disagrees with the US on the alignment of the northern axis of a potential maritime boundary
  Illicit drugs:
  transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for US and Europe; offshore financial center

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