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Middle East :: Bahrain

- ## Introduction :: BAHRAIN

- Background:
  In 1783, the Sunni Al-Khalifa family took power in Bahrain. In order to secure these holdings, it entered into a series of treaties with the UK during the 19th century that made Bahrain a British protectorate. The archipelago attained its independence in 1971. The steady decline in oil production and reserves since 1970 prompted Bahrain to take steps to diversify its economy, in the process developing successful petroleum processing and refining, aluminum production, and hospitality and retail sectors, and also to become a leading regional banking center, especially with respect to Islamic finance. Bahrain's small size and central location among Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors.
  The Sunni-led government has long struggled to manage relations with its large Shia-majority population. In early 2011, amid Arab uprisings elsewhere in the region, the Bahraini Government confronted similar pro-democracy and reform protests at home with police and military action, including deploying Gulf Cooperation Council security forces to Bahrain. Political talks throughout 2014 between the government and opposition and loyalist political groups failed to reach an agreement, prompting opposition political societies to boycott parliamentary and municipal council elections in late 2014. Ongoing dissatisfaction with the political status quo continues to factor into sporadic clashes between demonstrators and security forces.

- ## Geography :: BAHRAIN

- Location:
  Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia
  Geographic coordinates:
  26 00 N, 50 33 E
  Map references:
  Middle East
  Area:
  total: 760 sq km
  land: 760 sq km
  water: 0 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 188
  Area - comparative:
  3.5 times the size of Washington, DC
  Area comparison map:
  Land boundaries:
  0 km
  Coastline:
  161 km
  Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  contiguous zone: 24 nm
  continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined
  Climate:
  arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
  Terrain:
  mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
  highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m
  Natural resources:
  oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 11.3%
  arable land 2.1%; permanent crops 3.9%; permanent pasture 5.3%
  forest: 0.7%
  other: 88% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  40.15 sq km (2003)
  Total renewable water resources:
  0.12 cu km (2011)
  Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
  total: 0.36 cu km/yr (50%/6%/45%)
  per capita: 386 cu m/yr (2003)
  Natural hazards:
  periodic droughts; dust storms
  Environment - current issues:
  desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources (groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all water needs)
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
  Geography - note:
  close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean

- ## People and Society :: BAHRAIN

- Nationality:
  noun: Bahraini(s)
  adjective: Bahraini
  Ethnic groups:
  Bahraini 46%, Asian 45.5%, other Arabs 4.7%, African 1.6%, European 1%, other 1.2% (includes Gulf Co-operative country nationals, North and South Americans, and Oceanians) (2010 est.)
  Languages:
  Arabic (official), English, Farsi, Urdu
  Religions:
  Muslim 70.3%, Christian 14.5%, Hindu 9.8%, Buddhist 2.5%, Jewish 0.6%, folk religion <.1, unaffiliated 1.9%, other 0.2% (2010 est.)
  religious affiliation:
  Population:
  1,346,613
  note: immigrants make up almost 55% of the total population, according to UN data (2013) (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 156
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 19.48% (male 133,201/female 129,140)
  15-24 years: 15.84% (male 120,073/female 93,182)
  25-54 years: 56.13% (male 494,405/female 261,399)
  55-64 years: 5.79% (male 50,466/female 27,501)
  65 years and over: 2.77% (male 18,092/female 19,154) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 31.4%
  youth dependency ratio: 28.2%
  elderly dependency ratio: 3.2%
  potential support ratio: 31.6% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 31.8 years
  male: 33.3 years
  female: 29.1 years (2015 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  2.41% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 31
  Birth rate:
  13.66 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 144
  Death rate:
  2.69 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 222
  Net migration rate:
  13.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 6
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 88.8% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 1.71% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  MANAMA (capital) 411,000 (2015)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 1.29 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 1.89 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 1.84 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female
  total population: 1.54 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Maternal mortality rate:
  15 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 138
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 9.35 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 10.4 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 8.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 142
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 78.73 years
  male: 76.53 years
  female: 80.98 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 51
  Total fertility rate:
  1.78 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 156
  Health expenditures:
  4.9% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 165
  Physicians density:
  0.92 physicians/1,000 population (2012)
  Hospital bed density:
  2.1 beds/1,000 population (2012)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 100% of population
  rural: 100% of population
  total: 100% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 0% of population
  rural: 0% of population
  total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 99.2% of population
  rural: 99.2% of population
  total: 99.2% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 0.8% of population
  rural: 0.8% of population
  total 0.8% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  34.1% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 20
  Education expenditures:
  2.7% of GDP (2012)
  country comparison to the world: 153
  Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 95.7%
  male: 96.9%
  female: 93.5% (2015 est.)
  Child labor - children ages 5-14:
  total number: 5,530
  percentage: 5% (2000 est.)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
  total: 5.3%
  male: 2.6%
  female: 12.2% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 127

- ## Government :: BAHRAIN

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain
  conventional short form: Bahrain
  local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn
  local short form: Al Bahrayn
  former: Dilmun, State of Bahrain
  etymology: the name means "the two seas" in Arabic and refers to the water bodies surrounding the archipelago
  Government type:
  constitutional monarchy
  Capital:
  name: Manama
  geographic coordinates: 26 14 N, 50 34 E
  time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  Administrative divisions:
  4 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Asimah (Capital), Janubiyah (Southern), Muharraq, Shamaliyah (Northern)
  note: each governorate administered by an appointed governor
  Independence:
  15 August 1971 (from the UK)
  National holiday:
  National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 was the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 was the date of independence from British protection
  Constitution:
  adopted 14 February 2002; amended 2012 (2015)
  Legal system:
  mixed legal system of Islamic law, English common law, Egyptian civil, criminal, and commercial codes; customary law
  International law organization participation:
  has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
  Citizenship:
  citizenship by birth: no
  citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Bahrain
  dual citizenship recognized: no
  residency requirement for naturalization: 25 years; 15 years for Arab nationals
  Suffrage:
  20 years of age; universal; note - Bahraini Cabinet in May 2011 endorsed a draft law lowering eligibility to 18 years
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: King HAMAD bin Isa Al-Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad Al-Khalifa (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969)
  head of government: Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al-Khalifa (since 1971); First Deputy Prime Minister SALMAN bin Hamad Al Khalifa (since 11 March 2013); Deputy Prime Ministers ALI bin Khalifa bin Salman Al-Khalifa, Jawad bin Salim al-ARAIDH (since 11 December 2006), KHALID bin Abdallah Al Khalifa (since November 2010), MUHAMMAD bin Mubarak Al-Khalifa (since September 2005)
  cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch
  elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
  Legislative branch:
  description: bicameral National Assembly consists of the Consultative Council or Majlis al Shura (40 seats; members appointed by the king) and the Council of Representatives or Majlis al Nuwab (40 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in two rounds if needed; members serve 4-year renewable terms)
  elections: Council of Representatives - last held in two rounds on 23 and 29 November 2014 (next in November 2018)
  election results: Council of Representatives - percent of vote by society - NA; seats by society - Al-Asalah (Sunni Salafi) 2, Islamic Minbar (Sunni Muslim Brotherhood) 1, independent 36, other 1; note - Bahrain has societies rather than parties
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Court of Cassation or Supreme Court of Appeal (consists of the chairman and 3 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the president and 6 members); High Sharia Court of Appeal
  note: the judiciary of Bahrain is divided into civil law courts and sharia law courts
  judge selection and term of office: Court of Cassation judges appointed by royal decree and serve for a specified tenure; Constitutional Court president and members appointed by the Higher Judicial Council, a body chaired by the monarch and includes judges from the Court of Cassation, sharia law courts, and Civil High Courts of Appeal; members serve 9-year terms; High Sharia Court of Appeal member appointment and tenure NA
  subordinate courts: Civil High Courts of Appeal; middle and lower civil courts; High Sharia Court of Appeal; Senior Sharia Court
  Political parties and leaders:
  note: political parties are prohibited but political societies were legalized per a July 2005 law
  Al-Wefaq National Islamic Society or Al-Wefeq [Ali SALMAN]
  Arab Islamic Center Society [Abdulrahman AL-BAKER]
  Constitutional Gathering Society [Abdulrahman AL-BAKER]
  Islamic Asalah [Abd al-Halim MURAD]
  Islamic Saff Society [Abdullah Khalil BU GHAMAR]
  Islamic Shura Society
  Movement of National Justice Society [Muhi al-Din KHAN]
  National Action Charter Society [Muhammad AL-BUAYNAYN]
  National Democratic Action Society [Radhi AL-MOUSAWI]
  National Democratic Assembly [Hasan AL-ALI]
  National Dialogue Society
  National Fraternity Society [Musa AL-ANSARI]
  National Islamic Minbar [Ali AHMAD]
  National Progressive Tribune [Abd al-Nabi SALMAN]
  National Unity Gathering [Abdullatif AL-MAHMOOD]
  Unitary National Democratic Assemblage [Fadhil ABBAS]
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  none
  International organization participation:
  ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CICA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador ABDALLAH bin Muhammad bin Rashid Al Khalifa (since 3 December 2013)
  chancery: 3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 342-1111
  FAX: [1] (202) 362-2192
  consulate(s) general: New York
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador William V. ROEBUCK (since 12 December 2014)
  embassy: Building
  mailing address: PSC 451, Box 660, FPO AE 09834-5100; international mail: American Embassy, Box 26431, Manama
  telephone: [973] 1724-2700
  FAX: [973] 1727-0547
  Flag description:
  red, the traditional color for flags of Persian Gulf states, with a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam
  note: until 2002 the flag had eight white points, but this was reduced to five to avoid confusion with the Qatari flag
  National symbol(s):
  a red field surmounted by a white serrated band with five white points; national colors: red, white
  National anthem:
  name: "Bahrainona" (Our Bahrain)
  lyrics/music: unknown
  note: adopted 1971; although Mohamed Sudqi AYYASH wrote the original lyrics, they were changed in 2002 following the transformation of Bahrain from an emirate to a kingdom

- ## Economy :: BAHRAIN

- Economy - overview:
  Bahrain has made great efforts to diversify its economy; its highly developed communication and transport facilities make Bahrain home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. As part of its diversification plans, Bahrain implemented a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the US in August 2006, the first FTA between the US and a Gulf state. Bahrain's economy, however, continues to depend heavily on oil. In 2013, petroleum production and refining accounted for 73% of Bahrain's export receipts, 88% of government revenues, and 21% of GDP. Other major economic activities are production of aluminum - Bahrain's second biggest export after oil - finance, and construction. Bahrain continues to seek new natural gas supplies as feedstock to support its expanding petrochemical and aluminum industries. In 2011 Bahrain experienced economic setbacks as a result of domestic unrest, however, the economy recovered in 2012-14, partly as a result of improved tourism. Lower oil prices in 2015 will likely exacerbate Bahrain's budget deficit.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $62.17 billion (2014 est.)
  $59.49 billion (2013 est.)
  $56.47 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 99
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $33.86 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  4.5% (2014 est.)
  5.3% (2013 est.)
  3.6% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 67
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $49,000 (2014 est.)
  $46,900 (2013 est.)
  $44,500 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 22
  Gross national saving:
  19.6% of GDP (2014 est.)
  24.7% of GDP (2013 est.)
  27.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 89
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 41%
  government consumption: 15.7%
  investment in fixed capital: 15.3%
  investment in inventories: 1%
  exports of goods and services: 71.2%
  imports of goods and services: -44.1%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 0.3%
  industry: 47.1%
  services: 52.6% (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish
  Industries:
  petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers, Islamic and offshore banking, insurance, ship repairing, tourism
  Industrial production growth rate:
  4.3% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 67
  Labor force:
  738,000
  note: excludes unemployed; 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 151
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 1%
  industry: 32%
  services: 67% (2004 est.)
  Unemployment rate:
  4.1% (2014 est.)
  4.3% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 39
  Population below poverty line:
  NA%
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA%
  highest 10%: NA%
  Budget:
  revenues: $8.217 billion
  expenditures: $9.427 billion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  24.3% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 128
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  -3.6% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 141
  Public debt:
  42.1% of GDP (2014 est.)
  41.3% of GDP (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 98
  Fiscal year:
  calendar year
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  2.7% (2014 est.)
  3.3% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 120
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  5.88% (31 December 2014 est.)
  5.93% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 137
  Stock of narrow money:
  $7.996 billion (30 September 2014 est.)
  $7.416 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 86
  Stock of broad money:
  $25.95 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $24.36 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 80
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $25.44 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $25.77 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 79
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $22.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $18.57 billion (31 December 2013)
  $15.65 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 64
  Current account balance:
  $1.123 billion (2014 est.)
  $2.56 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 47
  Exports:
  $20.75 billion (2014 est.)
  $20.93 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 74
  Exports - commodities:
  petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles
  Exports - partners:
  Saudi Arabia 3.3%, US 2.4%, UAE 2.2% (2014)
  Imports:
  $13.32 billion (2014 est.)
  $13.66 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 90
  Imports - commodities:
  crude oil, machinery, chemicals
  Imports - partners:
  Saudi Arabia 24%, Algeria 11.9%, China 8.2%, US 7%, Japan 5.7%, Australia 4.4% (2014)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $5.051 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
  $6.049 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 93
  Debt - external:
  $18.75 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $17.66 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 87
  Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
  $18.77 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $17.82 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 79
  Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
  $10.72 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $10.75 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Exchange rates:
  Bahraini dinars (BHD) per US dollar -
  0.376 (2014 est.)
  0.376 (2013 est.)
  0.376 (2012 est.)
  0.376 (2011 est.)
  0.376 (2010 est.)

- ## Energy :: BAHRAIN

- Electricity - production:
  13.26 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 89
  Electricity - consumption:
  11.69 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 86
  Electricity - exports:
  190 million kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 76
  Electricity - imports:
  35 million kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 106
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  3.94 million kW (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 84
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  99.9% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 38
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 46
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 158
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  0.1% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 117
  Crude oil - production:
  49,500 bbl/day (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Crude oil - exports:
  152,600 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 33
  Crude oil - imports:
  243,300 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 29
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  124.6 million bbl (1 January 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 70
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  278,500 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 46
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  50,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 99
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  242,900 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 28
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  2,357 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 179
  Natural gas - production:
  15.7 billion cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 36
  Natural gas - consumption:
  15.7 billion cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 43
  Natural gas - exports:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 58
  Natural gas - imports:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 158
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  92.03 billion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 55
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  32.2 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 74

- ## Communications :: BAHRAIN

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 280,000
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 22 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 118
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 2.3 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 177 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 148
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: modern system
  domestic: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile-cellular telephones
  international: country code - 973; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, Middle East, Europe, and US; tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; satellite earth station - 1 (2007)
  Broadcast media:
  state-run Bahrain Radio and Television Corporation (BRTC) operates 5 terrestrial TV networks and several radio stations; satellite TV systems provide access to international broadcasts; 1 private FM station directs broadcasts to Indian listeners; radio and TV broadcasts from countries in the region are available (2007)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
  Television broadcast stations:
  4 (1997)
  Internet country code:
  .bh
  Internet users:
  total: 1.3 million
  percent of population: 96.5% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 116

- ## Transportation :: BAHRAIN

- Airports:
  4 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 184
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 4
  over 3,047 m: 3
  914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
  Heliports:
  1 (2013)
  Pipelines:
  gas 20 km; oil 54 km (2013)
  Roadways:
  total: 4,122 km
  paved: 3,392 km
  unpaved: 730 km (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 157
  Merchant marine:
  total: 8
  by type: bulk carrier 2, container 4, petroleum tanker 2
  foreign-owned: 5 (Kuwait 5)
  registered in other countries: 5 (Honduras 5) (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 119
  Ports and terminals:
  major seaport(s): Mina' Salman, Sitrah

- ## Military :: BAHRAIN

- Military branches:
  Bahrain Defense Force (BDF): Royal Bahraini Army (RBA), Royal Bahraini Navy (RBN), Royal Bahraini Air Force (RBAF), Royal Bahraini Air Defense Force (RBADF) (2013)
  Military service age and obligation:
  18 years of age for voluntary military service; 15 years of age for NCOs, technicians, and cadets; no conscription (2012)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 508,863
  females age 16-49: 290,801 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 423,757
  females age 16-49: 245,302 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 8,988
  female: 8,117 (2010 est.)
  Military expenditures:
  4.2% of GDP (2014)
  4.1% of GDP (2013)
  3.9% of GDP (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 19

- ## Transnational Issues :: BAHRAIN

- Disputes - international:
  none

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