# Library

ABOUT REFERENCES APPENDICES FAQs CONTACT

Europe :: Slovenia

- ## Introduction :: SLOVENIA

- Background:
  The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, the Slovenes joined the Serbs and Croats in forming a new multinational state, which was named Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia became a republic of the renewed Yugoslavia, which though communist, distanced itself from Moscow's rule. Dissatisfied with the exercise of power by the majority Serbs, the Slovenes succeeded in establishing their independence in 1991 after a short 10-day war. Historical ties to Western Europe, a strong economy, and a stable democracy have assisted in Slovenia's transformation to a modern state. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the euro zone in 2007.

- ## Geography :: SLOVENIA

- Location:
  south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia
  Geographic coordinates:
  46 07 N, 14 49 E
  Map references:
  Europe
  Area:
  total: 20,273 sq km
  land: 20,151 sq km
  water: 122 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 155
  Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than New Jersey
  Land boundaries:
  total: 1,211 km
  border countries (4): Austria 299 km, Croatia 600 km, Hungary 94 km, Italy 218 km
  Coastline:
  46.6 km
  Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  Climate:
  Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east
  Terrain:
  a short southwestern coastal strip of Karst topography on the Adriatic; an alpine mountain region lies adjacent to Italy and Austria in the north; mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
  highest point: Triglav 2,864 m
  Natural resources:
  lignite, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 22.8%
  arable land 8.4%; permanent crops 1.3%; permanent pasture 13.1%
  forest: 62.3%
  other: 14.9% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  76.04 sq km (2010)
  Total renewable water resources:
  31.87 cu km (2011)
  Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
  total: 0.94 cu km/yr (18%/82%/0%)
  per capita: 462.9 cu m/yr (2009)
  Natural hazards:
  flooding; earthquakes
  Environment - current issues:
  Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage from urban air pollution and resulting acid rain
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
  Geography - note:
  despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes

- ## People and Society :: SLOVENIA

- Nationality:
  noun: Slovene(s)
  adjective: Slovenian
  Ethnic groups:
  Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 census)
  Languages:
  Slovenian (official) 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4%, Italian (official, only in municipalities where Italian national communities reside), Hungarian (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian national communities reside) (2002 census)
  Religions:
  Catholic 57.8%, Muslim 2.4%, Orthodox 2.3%, other Christian 0.9%, unaffiliated 3.5%, other or unspecified 23%, none 10.1% (2002 census)
  Population:
  1,983,412 (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 148
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 13.38% (male 136,839/female 128,560)
  15-24 years: 9.76% (male 99,207/female 94,471)
  25-54 years: 43.65% (male 437,238/female 428,439)
  55-64 years: 14.81% (male 144,737/female 148,929)
  65 years and over: 18.4% (male 147,745/female 217,247) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 48.7%
  youth dependency ratio: 22%
  elderly dependency ratio: 26.7%
  potential support ratio: 3.7% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 43.8 years
  male: 42.1 years
  female: 45.6 years (2015 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  -0.26% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 217
  Birth rate:
  8.42 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 218
  Death rate:
  11.37 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 31
  Net migration rate:
  0.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 74
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 49.6% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 0.08% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  LJUBLJANA (capital) 279,000 (2014)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 4 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 4.51 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 3.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 192
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 78.01 years
  male: 74.4 years
  female: 81.86 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 61
  Total fertility rate:
  1.34 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 214
  Health expenditures:
  9.2% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 43
  Physicians density:
  2.54 physicians/1,000 population (2010)
  Hospital bed density:
  4.6 beds/1,000 population (2011)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 99.7% of population
  rural: 99.4% of population
  total: 99.5% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 0.3% of population
  rural: 0.6% of population
  total: 0.5% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 99.1% of population
  rural: 99.1% of population
  total: 99.1% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 0.9% of population
  rural: 0.9% of population
  total: 0.9% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  0.08% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 114
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  900 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 120
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  less than 100 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 109
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  27.4% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 33
  Education expenditures:
  5.7% of GDP (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 51
  Literacy:
  definition: NA
  total population: 99.7%
  male: 99.7%
  female: 99.7% (2015 est.)
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  total: 17 years
  male: 16 years
  female: 18 years (2012)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
  total: 20.6%
  male: 20.3%
  female: 21% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 54

- ## Government :: SLOVENIA

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia
  conventional short form: Slovenia
  local long form: Republika Slovenija
  local short form: Slovenija
  former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia
  Government type:
  parliamentary republic
  Capital:
  name: Ljubljana
  geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E
  time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
  Administrative divisions:
  200 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 11 urban municipalities (mestne obcine, singular - mestna obcina)
  municipalities: Ajdovscina, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Krsko, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sevnica, Sezana, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Salovci, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sostanj, Store, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk
  urban municipalities: Celje, Koper-Capodistria, Kranj, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje
  Independence:
  25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
  National holiday:
  Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)
  Constitution:
  previous 1974 (preindependence); latest passed by legislature 23 December 1991; amended several times, last in 2013 (2013)
  Legal system:
  civil law system
  International law organization participation:
  has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Borut PAHOR (since 22 December 2012)
  head of government: Prime Minister Miro CERAR (since 18 September 2014)
  cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly
  elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11 November 2012 with a runoff on 2 December 2012 (next to be held in 2017); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually nominated prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly
  election results: Borut PAHOR elected president; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR (SD) 67.4%, Danilo TURK (independent) 32.6%; note - a snap election was held in July 2014 following the resignation of Prime Minister Alenka BRATUSEK in May 2014, Miro CERAR (SMC) elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - 57 to 11
  Legislative branch:
  description: bicameral Parliament consists of the National Council or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve 5-year terms) and the National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 2 directly elected in special constituencies for Italian and Hungarian minorities by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms); note - the National Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers
  elections: National Assembly - last held on 13 July 2014 (next to be held in 2018)
  election results: percent of vote by party - SMC 34.6%, SDS 20.7%, DeSUS 10.2%, ZL 6%, SD 6%, NSi 5.6%, ZaAB 4.3%, other 12.6%; seats by party - SMC 36, SDS 21, DeSUS 10, ZL 6, SD 6, NSi, 5, ZaAB 4, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into 7 departments - civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, registry, and international cooperation); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)
  judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly upon the proposal of the Minister of Justice based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judge term NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among their own for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms
  subordinate courts: county, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court
  Political parties and leaders:
  Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB [Alenka BRATUSEK]
  Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS [Karl ERJAVEC]
  Modern Center Pary or SMC [Miro CERAR]
  New Slovenia or NSi [Ljudmila NOVAK]
  Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA]
  Social Democrats or SD [Dejan ZIDAN]
  United Left or ZL (collective leadership)
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  Catholic Church
  other: various trade and public sector employee unions
  International organization participation:
  Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Bozo CERAR (since 6 September 2013)
  chancery: 2410 California Street N.W., Washington, DC 20008
  telephone: [1] (202) 386-6601
  FAX: [1] (202) 386-6633
  consulate(s) general: Cleveland (OH)
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Brent Robert HARTLEY (since 9 February 2015)
  embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana
  mailing address: American Embassy Ljubljana, US Department of State, 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140
  telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500
  FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555
  Flag description:
  three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, derive from the medieval coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, the great Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries) appears in the upper hoist side of the flag centered on the white and blue bands
  National symbol(s):
  Mount Triglav; national colors: white, blue, red
  National anthem:
  name: "Zdravljica" (A Toast)
  lyrics/music: France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL
  note: adopted 1989; originally written in 1848; the full poem, whose seventh verse is used as the anthem, speaks of pan-Slavic nationalism

- ## Economy :: SLOVENIA

- Economy - overview:
  With excellent infrastructure, a well-educated work force, and a strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe, Slovenia has one of the highest per capita GDPs in Central Europe, despite having suffered a protracted recession in 2008-2009 in the wake of the global financial crisis. Slovenia became the first 2004 European Union entrant to adopt the euro (on 1 January 2007) and has experienced one of the most stable political transitions in Central and Southeastern Europe. In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. In 2007, Slovenia was invited to begin the process for joining the OECD; it became a member in 2012. However, long-delayed privatizations, particularly within Slovenia’s largely state-owned and increasingly indebted banking sector, have fueled investor concerns since 2012 that the country would need EU-IMF financial assistance. In 2013, the European Commission granted Slovenia permission to begin recapitalizing ailing lenders and transferring their nonperforming assets into a “bad bank” established to restore bank balance sheets. Export-led growth fueled by demand in larger European markets pushed GDP growth to 2.6% in 2014, while stubbornly-high unemployment fell slightly to 13%. PM CERAR’s government took office in September 2014, pledging to press ahead with commitments to privatize a select group of state-run companies, rationalize public spending, and further stabilize the banking sector.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $61.13 billion (2014 est.)
  $59.56 billion (2013 est.)
  $60.16 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 103
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $49.51 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  2.6% (2014 est.)
  -1% (2013 est.)
  -2.6% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 168
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $29,700 (2014 est.)
  $28,900 (2013 est.)
  $29,200 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 56
  Gross national saving:
  25.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
  25.1% of GDP (2013 est.)
  21.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 41
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 55.1%
  government consumption: 19.5%
  investment in fixed capital: 18.1%
  investment in inventories: 0%
  exports of goods and services: 79.3%
  imports of goods and services: -72%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 2.1%
  industry: 28.4%
  services: 69.5% (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  potatoes, hops, wheat, sugar beets, corn, grapes; cattle, sheep, poultry
  Industries:
  ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools
  Industrial production growth rate:
  2.8% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 106
  Labor force:
  913,500 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 148
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 2.2%
  industry: 35%
  services: 62.8% (2009)
  Unemployment rate:
  9.8% (2014 est.)
  13.1% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 138
  Population below poverty line:
  13.5% (2012 est.)
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 3.9%
  highest 10%: 19.8% (2011)
  Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  23.7 (2012)
  23.8 (2005)
  country comparison to the world: 140
  Budget:
  revenues: $20.03 billion
  expenditures: $22.03 billion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  40.1% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 39
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  -4% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 141
  Public debt:
  59.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
  56.7% of GDP (2013 est.)
  note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
  country comparison to the world: 53
  Fiscal year:
  calendar year
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  0.2% (2014 est.)
  1.8% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 34
  Central bank discount rate:
  0.75% (31 December 2013)
  1.5% (31 December 2012)
  note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area
  country comparison to the world: 127
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  5.2% (31 December 2014 est.)
  5.68% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 151
  Stock of narrow money:
  $12.08 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $12.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
  country comparison to the world: 74
  Stock of broad money:
  $26.11 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $25.92 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 79
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $40.86 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $43.11 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 65
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $6.87 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  $6.31 billion (31 December 2012)
  $6.783 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 82
  Current account balance:
  $2.858 billion (2014 est.)
  $2.79 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 37
  Exports:
  $30.47 billion (2014 est.)
  $29.25 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 67
  Exports - commodities:
  manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food
  Exports - partners:
  Germany 19%, Italy 11.2%, Austria 8.7%, Croatia 6.6%, Hungary 4.4%, France 4.4%, Russia 4.1%, Slovakia 4.1% (2014)
  Imports:
  $29.37 billion (2014 est.)
  $28.4 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 68
  Imports - commodities:
  machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food
  Imports - partners:
  Germany 16.2%, Italy 14.4%, Austria 10.3%, South Korea 4.6%, China 4.4%, Croatia 4.3%, Hungary 4.1% (2014)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $921 million (31 December 2014 est.)
  $921.9 million (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 139
  Debt - external:
  $52.53 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  $52.48 billion (31 December 2012)
  country comparison to the world: 63
  Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
  $17.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $17 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 79
  Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
  $9.585 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $9.505 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Exchange rates:
  euros (EUR) per US dollar -
  0.7489 (2014 est.)
  0.7634 (2013 est.)
  0.78 (2012 est.)
  0.7185 (2011 est.)
  0.755 (2010 est.)

- ## Energy :: SLOVENIA

- Electricity - production:
  14.76 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 85
  Electricity - consumption:
  12.66 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 83
  Electricity - exports:
  8.684 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 23
  Electricity - imports:
  7.522 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 32
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  3.351 million kW (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 87
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  36.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 172
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  20.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 7
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  37.4% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 62
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  5.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 53
  Crude oil - production:
  305 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 109
  Crude oil - exports:
  0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 181
  Crude oil - imports:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 120
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  0 bbl (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 187
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 193
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  48,630 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 104
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  14,210 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 79
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  72,260 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 59
  Natural gas - production:
  3 million cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 97
  Natural gas - consumption:
  850 million cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 93
  Natural gas - exports:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 178
  Natural gas - imports:
  847 million cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 63
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 192
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  15.87 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 91

- ## Communications :: SLOVENIA

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 770,000
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 88
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 2.3 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 117 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 149
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: well-developed telecommunications infrastructure
  domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 150 telephones per 100 persons
  international: country code - 386 (2011)
  Broadcast media:
  public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 domestic commercial TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 60% of households are connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster operates 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations (2007)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 10, FM 230, shortwave 0 (2006)
  Television broadcast stations:
  31 (2006)
  Internet country code:
  .si
  Internet users:
  total: 1.4 million
  percent of population: 72.3% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 115

- ## Transportation :: SLOVENIA

- Airports:
  16 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 143
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 7
  over 3,047 m: 1
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
  914 to 1,523 m: 3
  under 914 m: 1 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 9
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
  914 to 1,523 m: 3
  under 914 m:
  5 (2013)
  Pipelines:
  gas 844 km; oil 5 km (2013)
  Railways:
  total: 1,229 km
  standard gauge: 1,229 km 1.435-m gauge (503 km electrified) (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 84
  Roadways:
  total: 38,985 km
  paved: 38,985 km (includes 769 km of expressways) (2012)
  country comparison to the world: 91
  Waterways:
  (some transport on the Drava River) (2012)
  Merchant marine:
  registered in other countries: 24 (Cyprus 5, Liberia 7, Malta 4, Marshall Islands 6, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Slovakia 1) (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 90
  Ports and terminals:
  major seaport(s): Koper

- ## Military :: SLOVENIA

- Military branches:
  Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska, SV): Forces Command (with ground units, naval element, air and air defense brigade); Administration for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief (ACPDR) (2013)
  Military service age and obligation:
  18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2003 (2012)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 477,592
  females age 16-49: 464,301 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 392,075
  females age 16-49: 380,077 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 9,818
  female: 9,395 (2010 est.)
  Military expenditures:
  1.18% of GDP (2012)
  1.32% of GDP (2011)
  1.18% of GDP (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 85

- ## Transnational Issues :: SLOVENIA

- Disputes - international:
  since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Pirin Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led to Slovenia lifting its objections to Croatia joining the EU; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovenia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia; Slovenia continues to impose a hard border Schengen regime with Croatia, which joined the EU in 2013 but has not yet fulfilled Schengen requirements
  Illicit drugs:
  minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals

GO TOP