Europe :: Norway

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## Introduction ::Norway

Background:
Two centuries of Viking raids into Europe tapered off following the adoption of Christianity by King Olav TRYGGVASON in 994. Conversion of the Norwegian kingdom occurred over the next several decades. In 1397, Norway was absorbed into a union with Denmark that lasted more than four centuries. In 1814, Norwegians resisted the cession of their country to Sweden and adopted a new constitution. Sweden then invaded Norway but agreed to let Norway keep its constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Although Norway remained neutral in World War I, it suffered heavy losses to its shipping. Norway proclaimed its neutrality at the outset of World War II, but was nonetheless occupied for five years by Nazi Germany (1940-45). In 1949, neutrality was abandoned and Norway became a member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes. In referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU. Key domestic issues include immigration and integration of ethnic minorities, maintaining the country's extensive social safety net with an aging population, and preserving economic competitiveness.

## Geography ::Norway

Location:
Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden
Geographic coordinates:
62 00 N, 10 00 E
Map references:
Europe
Area:
total: 323,802 sq km country comparison to the world: 68 land: 304,282 sq km water: 19,520 sq km
Area - comparative:
slightly larger than New Mexico
Land boundaries:
total: 2,542 km border countries: Finland 727 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 196 km
Coastline:
25,148 km (includes mainland 2,650 km, as well as long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 22,498 km; length of island coastlines 58,133 km)
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 10 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm
Climate:
temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast
Terrain:
glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m highest point: Galdhopiggen 2,469 m
Natural resources:
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropower
Land use:
arable land: 2.52% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 97.46% (2011)
Irrigated land:
1,149 sq km (2007)
Total renewable water resources:
382 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 2.94 cu km/yr (28%/43%/29%) per capita: 622.4 cu m/yr (2006)
Natural hazards:
rockslides, avalanches volcanism: Beerenberg (elev. 2,227 m) on Jan Mayen Island in the Norwegian Sea is the country's only active volcano
Environment - current issues:
water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much-indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of the most rugged and longest coastlines in the world

## People and Society ::Norway

Nationality:
noun: Norwegian(s) adjective: Norwegian
Ethnic groups:
Norwegian 94.4% (includes Sami, about 60,000), other European 3.6%, other 2% (2007 estimate)
Languages:
Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities note: Sami is official in six municipalities
Religions:
Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran - official) 85.7%, Pentecostal 1%, Roman Catholic 1%, other Christian 2.4%, Muslim 1.8%, other 8.1% (2004)
Population:
4,722,701 (July 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 120
Age structure:
0-14 years: 17.5% (male 421,440/female 404,161) 15-24 years: 13.4% (male 322,413/female 309,906) 25-54 years: 39.8% (male 950,047/female 931,000) 55-64 years: 12.5% (male 296,759/female 292,777) 65 years and over: 16.8% (male 350,812/female 443,386) (2013 est.) population pyramid:
Median age:
total: 40.6 years male: 39.7 years female: 41.4 years (2013 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.33% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 166
Birth rate:
10.8 births/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 177
Death rate:
9.21 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 61
Net migration rate:
1.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 47
Urbanization:
urban population: 79% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 1.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population:
OSLO (capital) 875,000 (2009)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth:
28.4 (2011 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
7 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 168
Infant mortality rate:
total: 3.47 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 211 male: 3.79 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 80.44 years country comparison to the world: 27 male: 77.76 years female: 83.27 years (2013 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.77 children born/woman (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 159
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
88.4% note: percent of women aged 20-44 (2005)
Health expenditures:
9.5% of GDP (2010) country comparison to the world: 36
Physicians density:
4.08 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
Hospital bed density:
3.3 beds/1,000 population (2009)
Drinking water source:
improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population (2010 est.)
Sanitation facility access:
improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population (2010 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.1% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 152
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
4,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 121
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
fewer than 100 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 115
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
21.5% (2008) country comparison to the world: 84
Education expenditures:
7.3% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 21
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 18 years male: 17 years female: 18 years (2010)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
total: 8.6% country comparison to the world: 116 male: 9.3% female: 7.9% (2011)

## Government ::Norway

Country name:
conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway conventional short form: Norway local long form: Kongeriket Norge local short form: Norge
Government type:
constitutional monarchy
Capital:
name: Oslo geographic coordinates: 59 55 N, 10 45 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Administrative divisions:
19 counties (fylker, singular - fylke); Akershus, Aust-Agder, Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Nord-Trondelag, Oppland, Oslo, Ostfold, Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Sor-Trondelag, Telemark, Troms, Vest-Agder, Vestfold
Dependent areas:
Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard
Independence:
7 June 1905 (Norway declared the union with Sweden dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union)
National holiday:
Constitution Day, 17 May (1814)
Constitution:
17 May 1814; amended many times
Legal system:
mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law; Supreme Court can advise on legislative acts
International law organization participation:
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS, son of the monarch (born 20 July 1973) head of government: Prime Minister Jens STOLTENBERG (since 17 October 2005) cabinet: State Council appointed by the monarch with the approval of parliament (For more information visit the World Leaders website ) elections: the monarchy is hereditary; following parliamentary elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch with the approval of the parliament
Legislative branch:
modified unicameral Parliament or Storting (169 seats; members elected by popular vote by proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 14 September 2009 (next to be held in September 2013) election results: percent of vote by party - Ap 35.4%, FrP 22.9%, H 17.2%, SV 6.2%, Sp 6.2%, KrF 5.5%, V 3.9%, other 2.7%; seats by party - Ap 64, FrP 41, H 30, SV 11, Sp 11, KrF 10, V 2
Judicial branch:
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (consists of the chief justice and 18 associate justices) note - in addition to professionally trained judges, there are elected lay judges that sit on the bench with professional judges in the Courts of Appeal and district courts judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the monarch (King in Council) upon the recommendation of the Judicial Appointments Board; justice retirement mandatory at age 70 subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal or Lagmensrett; regional and district courts; Conciliation Boards; ordinary and special courts
Political parties and leaders:
Center Party or Sp [Liv Signe NAVARSETE] Christian Democratic Party or KrF [Knut Arild HAREIDE] Conservative Party or H [Erna SOLBERG] Labor Party or Ap [Jens STOLTENBERG] Liberal Party or V [Trine SKEI-GRANDE] Progress Party or FrP [Siv JENSEN] Socialist Left Party or SV [Audun LYSBAKKEN]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise (Naeringslivets Hovedorganisasjon) or NHO [President Kristin SKOGEN LUND; CEO John Gordon BERNANDER] Norwegian Association of the Disabled Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (Landsorganisasjonen i Norge) or LO [Roar FLATHEN] other: environmental groups; media; digital privacy movements
International organization participation:
ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Wegger C. STROMMEN chancery: 2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-6000 FAX: [1] (202) 469-3990 consulate(s) general: Houston, New York, San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Barry B. WHITE embassy: Henrik Ibsens gate 48, 0244 Oslo; note - the embassy will move to Huseby in the near future mailing address: PSC 69, Box 1000, APO AE 09707 telephone: [47] 21-30-85-40 FAX: [47] 22-44-33-63, 22-56-27-51
Flag description:
red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the colors recall Norway's past political unions with Denmark (red and white) and Sweden (blue)
National symbol(s):
lion
National anthem:
name: "Ja, vi elsker dette landet" (Yes, We Love This Country) lyrics/music: Bjornstjerne BJORNSON/Rikard NORDRAAK note: adopted 1864; in addition to the national anthem, "Kongesangen" (Song of the King), which uses the tune of "God Save the Queen," serves as the royal anthem

## Economy ::Norway

Economy - overview:
The Norwegian economy is a prosperous mixed economy, with a vibrant private sector, a large state sector, and an extensive social safety net. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector, through extensive regulation and large-scale state-majority-owned enterprises. The country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on the petroleum sector, which accounts for the largest portion of export revenue and about 20% of government revenue. Norway is the world's third-largest natural gas exporter; and seventh largest oil exporter, making one of its largest offshore oil finds in 2011. Norway opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994; nonetheless, as a member of the European Economic Area, it contributes sizably to the EU budget. In anticipation of eventual declines in oil and gas production, Norway saves state revenue from the petroleum sector in the world's second largest sovereign wealth fund, valued at over $700 billion in January 2013 and uses the fund''s return to help finance public expenses. After solid GDP growth in 2004-07, the economy slowed in 2008, and contracted in 2009, before returning to positive growth in 2010-12, however, the government budget is set to remain in surplus.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$281.7 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 46 $273.5 billion (2011 est.) $269.9 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$501.1 billion (2012 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
3% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 111 1.3% (2011 est.) 0.2% (2010 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$55,900 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 9 $55,000 (2011 est.) $55,000 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture: 2.9% industry: 41.8% services: 55.3% (2012 est.)
Labor force:
2.678 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 109
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 2.9% industry: 21.1% services: 76% (2008)
Unemployment rate:
3.2% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 26 3.3% (2011 est.)
Population below poverty line:
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3.9% highest 10%: 21% (2008)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
25 (2008) country comparison to the world: 131 25.8 (1995)
Investment (gross fixed):
20.6% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 86
Budget:
revenues: $285.7 billion expenditures: $216.5 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
57% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 9
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
13.8% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 4
Public debt:
29.7% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 116 28.7% of GDP (2011 est.) note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
0.7% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 11 1.3% (2011 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
6.25% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 125 1.75% (31 December 2009 est.)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
3.7% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 164 4.4% (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of narrow money:
$152.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 26 $138.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of broad money:
$309.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 30 $280.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of domestic credit:
$705.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 21 $615.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$219.2 billion (31 December 2011) country comparison to the world: 30 $250.9 billion (31 December 2010) $227.2 billion (31 December 2009)
Agriculture - products:
barley, wheat, potatoes; pork, beef, veal, milk; fish
Industries:
petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing
Industrial production growth rate:
6.5% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 36
Current account balance:
$76.1 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 7 $70.3 billion (2011 est.)
Exports:
$158.8 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 32 $159.2 billion (2011 est.)
Exports - commodities:
petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, fish
Exports - partners:
UK 25.6%, Germany 12.6%, Netherlands 12%, France 6.7%, Sweden 6.3%, US 5% (2012)
Imports:
$86.72 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 38 $89.1 billion (2011 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs
Imports - partners:
Sweden 13.6%, Germany 12.4%, China 9.3%, Denmark 6.3%, UK 6.1%, US 5.4% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$51.86 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 36 $49.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Debt - external:
$659.1 billion (31 December 2012) country comparison to the world: 21 $595.7 billion (31 December 2011) note: Norway is a net external creditor
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$244.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 21 $236.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$224.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 23 $210.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Exchange rates:
Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar - 5.8162 (2012 est.) 5.6065 (2011 est.) 6.0442 (2010 est.) 6.288 (2009) 5.6361 (2008)
Fiscal year:
calendar year

## Energy ::Norway

Electricity - production:
122.2 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 30
Electricity - consumption:
110.8 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 30
Electricity - exports:
7.123 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 24
Electricity - imports:
14.67 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 14
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
30.95 million kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 28
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
2.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 201
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 152
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
91.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 11
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 58
Crude oil - production:
1.998 million bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 15
Crude oil - exports:
1.759 million bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 8
Crude oil - imports:
19,960 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 70
Crude oil - proved reserves:
5.32 billion bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 24
Refined petroleum products - production:
324,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 41
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
255,200 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 52
Refined petroleum products - exports:
412,600 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 20
Refined petroleum products - imports:
98,340 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 50
Natural gas - production:
103.1 billion cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 9
Natural gas - consumption:
4.809 billion cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 62
Natural gas - exports:
98.3 billion cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 4
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 108
Natural gas - proved reserves:
2.007 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 19
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
41.8 million Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 68

## Communications ::Norway

Telephones - main lines in use:
1.529 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 66
Telephones - mobile cellular:
5.7 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 100
Telephone system:
general assessment: modern in all respects; one of the most advanced telecommunications networks in Europe domestic: Norway has a domestic satellite system; the prevalence of rural areas encourages the wide use of mobile-cellular systems international: country code - 47; 2 buried coaxial cable systems; submarine cables provide links to other Nordic countries and Europe; satellite earth stations - NA Eutelsat, NA Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden) (2011)
Broadcast media:
state-owned public radio-TV broadcaster operates 3 nationwide TV stations, 3 nationwide radio stations, and 16 regional radio stations; roughly a dozen privately owned television stations broadcast nationally and roughly another 25 local TV stations broadcasting; nearly 75% of households have access to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; 2 privately owned radio stations broadcast nationwide and another 240 stations operate locally (2008)
Internet country code:
.no
Internet hosts:
3.588 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 29
Internet users:
4.431 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 53

## Transportation ::Norway

Airports:
98 (2012) country comparison to the world: 60
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 67 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 12 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 19 under 914 m: 24 (2012)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 31 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 25 (2012)
Heliports:
1 (2012)
Pipelines:
condensate 578 km; condensate/gas 220 km; gas 8,044 km; oil 3,794 km; oil/gas/water 457 km; water 96 km (2013)
Railways:
total: 4,169 km country comparison to the world: 39 standard gauge: 4,169 km 1.435-m gauge (2,784 km electrified) (2009)
Roadways:
total: 93,509 km (includes 253 km of expressways) (2007) country comparison to the world: 48
Waterways:
1,577 km (2010) country comparison to the world: 52
Merchant marine:
total: 585 country comparison to the world: 19 by type: bulk carrier 55, cargo 105, carrier 5, chemical tanker 121, combination ore/oil 12, liquefied gas 47, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 121, petroleum tanker 54, refrigerated cargo 9, roll on/roll off 4, vehicle carrier 49 foreign-owned: 81 (Bermuda 24, Canada 1, Cyprus 1, Denmark 7, France 5, Iceland 2, Lithuania 1, Saudi Arabia 3, Sweden 27, US 10) registered in other countries: 974 (Antigua and Barbuda 9, Bahamas 186, Barbados 38, Belize 2, Bermuda 5, Brazil 3, Canada 4, Chile 1, Comoros 1, Cook Islands 8, Croatia 2, Curacao 2, Cyprus 14, Denmark 2, Dominica 1, Equatorial Guinea 1, Estonia 2, Faroe Islands 13, Gibraltar 46, Hong Kong 48, Indonesia 3, Isle of Man 30, Italy 6, Liberia 38, Libya 1, Malta 96, Marshall Islands 75, Netherlands 19, Panama 81, Portugal 2, Saint Kitts and Nevis 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13, Singapore 153, Spain 10, Sweden 3, UK 32, US 17, Vanuatu 1, unknown 3) (2010)
Ports and terminals:
Bergen, Haugesund, Maaloy, Mongstad, Narvik, Sture

## Military ::Norway

Military branches:
Norwegian Army (Haeren), Royal Norwegian Navy (Kongelige Norske Sjoeforsvaret, RNoN; includes Coastal Rangers and Coast Guard (Kystvakt)), Royal Norwegian Air Force (Kongelige Norske Luftforsvaret, RNoAF), Home Guard (Heimevernet, HV) (2013)
Military service age and obligation:
19-35 years of age for male compulsory military service; 16 years of age in wartime; 17 years of age for male volunteers; 18 years of age for women; 1-year service obligation followed by 4-5 refresher training periods through ages 35-60, totalling 18 months (2012)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 1,079,043 females age 16-49: 1,051,210 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 888,761 females age 16-49: 865,697 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 32,290 female: 30,777 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
1.9% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 71

## Transnational Issues ::Norway

Disputes - international:
Norway asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Queen Maud Land and its continental shelf); Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental shelf (CLCS) and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission; Norway and Russia signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin): 8,870 (Somalia); 5,727 (Iraq); 7,129 (Eritrea); 5,984 (Afghanistan) (2012)

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