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North America :: United States

- ## Introduction :: UNITED STATES

- Background:
  Britain's American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776 and were recognized as the new nation of the United States of America following the Treaty of Paris in 1783. During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. The two most traumatic experiences in the nation's history were the Civil War (1861-65), in which a northern Union of states defeated a secessionist Confederacy of 11 southern slave states, and the Great Depression of the 1930s, an economic downturn during which about a quarter of the labor force lost its jobs. Buoyed by victories in World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the US remains the world's most powerful nation state. Since the end of World War II, the economy has achieved relatively steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances in technology.

- ## Geography :: UNITED STATES

- Location:
  North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico
  Geographic coordinates:
  38 00 N, 97 00 W
  Map references:
  North America
  Area:
  total: 9,826,675 sq km
  land: 9,161,966 sq km
  water: 664,709 sq km
  note: includes only the 50 states and District of Columbia, no overseas territories
  country comparison to the world: 3
  Area - comparative:
  about half the size of Russia; about three-tenths the size of Africa; about half the size of South America (or slightly larger than Brazil); slightly larger than China; more than twice the size of the European Union
  Land boundaries:
  total: 12,048 km
  border countries (2): Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska), Mexico 3,155 km
  note: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is leased by the US and is part of Cuba; the base boundary is 28.5 km
  Coastline:
  19,924 km
  Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  contiguous zone: 24 nm
  exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
  continental shelf: not specified
  Climate:
  mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains
  Terrain:
  vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Death Valley -86 m
  highest point: Denali (Mount McKinley) 6,194 m (highest point in North America)
  note: the peak of Mauna Kea (4,205 m above sea level) on the island of Hawaii rises about 10,200 m above the Pacific Ocean floor; by this measurement, it is the world's tallest mountain - higher than Mount Everest (8,850 m), which is recognized as the tallest mountain above sea level
  Natural resources:
  coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, rare earth elements, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber, arable land
  note: the US has the world's largest coal reserves with 491 billion short tons accounting for 27% of the world's total
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 44.5%
  arable land 16.8%; permanent crops 0.3%; permanent pasture 27.4%
  forest: 33.3%
  other: 22.2% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  266,440 sq km (2007)
  Total renewable water resources:
  3,069 cu km (2011)
  Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
  total: 478.4 cu km/yr (14%/46%/40%)
  per capita: 1,583 cu m/yr (2005)
  Natural hazards:
  tsunamis; volcanoes; earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the Midwest and Southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development
  volcanism: volcanic activity in the Hawaiian Islands, Western Alaska, the Pacific Northwest, and in the Northern Mariana Islands; both Mauna Loa (elev. 4,170 m) in Hawaii and Mount Rainier (elev. 4,392 m) in Washington have been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Pavlof (elev. 2,519 m) is the most active volcano in Alaska's Aleutian Arc and poses a significant threat to air travel since the area constitutes a major flight path between North America and East Asia; St. Helens (elev. 2,549 m), famous for the devastating 1980 eruption, remains active today; numerous other historically active volcanoes exist, mostly concentrated in the Aleutian arc and Hawaii; they include: in Alaska: Aniakchak, Augustine, Chiginagak, Fourpeaked, Iliamna, Katmai, Kupreanof, Martin, Novarupta, Redoubt, Spurr, Wrangell; in Hawaii: Trident, Ugashik-Peulik, Ukinrek Maars, Veniaminof; in the Northern Mariana Islands: Anatahan; and in the Pacific Northwest: Mount Baker, Mount Hood
  Environment - current issues:
  large emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; air pollution resulting in acid rain in both the US and Canada; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; limited natural freshwater resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes
  Geography - note:
  world's third-largest country by size (after Russia and Canada) and by population (after China and India); Mt. McKinley is highest point in North America and Death Valley the lowest point on the continent

- ## People and Society :: UNITED STATES

- Nationality:
  noun: American(s)
  adjective: American
  Ethnic groups:
  white 79.96%, black 12.85%, Asian 4.43%, Amerindian and Alaska native 0.97%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.18%, two or more races 1.61% (July 2007 estimate)
  note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean persons of Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin including those of Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican Republic, Spanish, and Central or South American origin living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.); about 15.1% of the total US population is Hispanic
  Languages:
  English 79.2%, Spanish 12.9%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 3.3%, other 0.9% (2011 est.)
  note: data represents the language spoken at home; the US has no official national language, but English has acquired official status in 31 of the 50 states; Hawaiian is an official language in the state of Hawaii
  Religions:
  Protestant 51.3%, Roman Catholic 23.9%, Mormon 1.7%, other Christian 1.6%, Jewish 1.7%, Buddhist 0.7%, Muslim 0.6%, other or unspecified 2.5%, unaffiliated 12.1%, none 4% (2007 est.)
  Population:
  321,368,864 (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 4
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 18.99% (male 31,171,623/female 29,845,713)
  15-24 years: 13.64% (male 22,473,687/female 21,358,609)
  25-54 years: 39.76% (male 63,838,086/female 63,947,036)
  55-64 years: 12.73% (male 19,731,664/female 21,172,201)
  65 years and over: 14.88% (male 21,129,978/female 26,700,267) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 50.9%
  youth dependency ratio: 28.6%
  elderly dependency ratio: 22.3%
  potential support ratio: 4.5% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 37.6 years
  male: 36.3 years
  female: 39 years (2014 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  0.78% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 143
  Birth rate:
  12.49 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 150
  Death rate:
  8.15 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 94
  Net migration rate:
  3.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 40
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 81.6% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 1.02% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  New York-Newark 18.593 million; Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana 12.31 million; Chicago 8.745 million; Miami 5.817 million; Dallas-Fort Worth 5.703 million; WASHINGTON, D.C. (capital) 4.955 million (2015)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: -9 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 5.87 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 6.37 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 5.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 169
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 79.68 years
  male: 77.32 years
  female: 81.97 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 42
  Total fertility rate:
  1.87 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 123
  Contraceptive prevalence rate:
  76.4%
  note: percent of women aged 15-44 (2006/10)
  Health expenditures:
  17.1% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 1
  Physicians density:
  2.45 physicians/1,000 population (2011)
  Hospital bed density:
  2.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 99.4% of population
  rural: 98.2% of population
  total: 99.2% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 0.6% of population
  rural: 1.8% of population
  total: 0.8% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 100% of population
  rural: 100% of population
  total: 100% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 0% of population
  rural: 0% of population
  total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  NA
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  NA
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  35% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 18
  Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
  0.5% (2012)
  country comparison to the world: 136
  Education expenditures:
  5.2% of GDP (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 63
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  total: 16 years
  male: 16 years
  female: 17 years (2012)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
  total: 17.3%
  male: 18.7%
  female: 15.7% (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 68

- ## Government :: UNITED STATES

- Country name:
  conventional long form: United States of America
  conventional short form: United States
  abbreviation: US or USA
  note: the name America is derived from that of Amerigo VESPUCCI (1454-1512), Italian explorer, navigator, and cartographer
  Government type:
  constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic tradition
  Capital:
  name: Washington, DC
  geographic coordinates: 38 53 N, 77 02 W
  time difference: UTC-5 (during Standard Time)
  daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
  note: the 50 United States cover six time zones
  Administrative divisions:
  50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
  Dependent areas:
  American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island
  note: from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; it entered into a political relationship with all four political entities: the Northern Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the US (effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21 October 1986); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986); Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 1 October 1994)
  Independence:
  4 July 1776 (declared); 3 September 1783 (recognized by Great Britain)
  National holiday:
  Independence Day, 4 July (1776)
  Constitution:
  previous 1781 (Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union); latest drafted July - September 1787, submitted to the Congress of the Confederation 20 September 1787, submitted for states' ratification 28 September 1787, ratification completed by nine states 21 June 1788, effective 4 March 1789; amended many times, last in 1992 (2014)
  Legal system:
  common law system based on English common law at the federal level; state legal systems based on common law except Louisiana, which is based on Napoleonic civil code; judicial review of legislative acts
  International law organization participation:
  withdrew acceptance of compulsory ICJ jurisdiction in 2005; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2002
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20 January 2009); Vice President Joseph R. BIDEN (since 20 January 2009); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
  head of government: President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20 January 2009); Vice President Joseph R. BIDEN (since 20 January 2009)
  cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president, approved by the Senate
  elections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by the Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 6 November 2012 (next to be held on 8 November 2016)
  election results: Barack H. OBAMA reelected president; electoral vote count - Barack H. OBAMA (Democratic Party) 332, Mitt ROMNEY 206 (Republican Party); percent of direct popular vote - Barack H. OBAMA 50.6%, Mitt ROMNEY 47.9%, other 1.5%
  Legislative branch:
  description: bicameral Congress consists of the Senate (100 seats; 2 members directly elected in each of the 50 state constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia and Louisiana which require an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 2 years) and the House of Representatives (435 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia which requires an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 2-year terms)
  elections: Senate - last held on 4 November 2014 (next to be held on 8 November 2016); House of Representatives - last held on 4 November 2014 (next to be held on 8 November 2016)
  election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 44, Republican Party 54, independent 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 188, Republican Party 247
  note: in addition to the regular members of the House of Representatives there are 6 non-voting delegates elected from the District of Columbia and the US territories of American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands; these are single seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term; the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote; election of delegates last held on 4 November 2014 (next to be held on 1 November 2016)
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): US Supreme Court (consists of 9 justices - the chief justice and 8 associate justices)
  judge selection and term of office: president nominates and, with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints Supreme Court justices; justices appointed for life
  subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal (includes the US Court of Appeal for the Federal District and 12 regional appeals courts); 94 federal district courts in 50 states and territories
  note: the US court system consists of the federal court system and the state court systems; although each court system is responsible for hearing certain types of cases, neither is completely independent of the other, and the systems often interact
  Political parties and leaders:
  Democratic Party [Debbie Wasserman SCHULTZ]
  Green Party [Brian Bittner]
  Libertarian Party [Nicholas SARWARK]
  Republican Party [Reince PRIEBUS]
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  other: environmentalists; business groups; labor unions; churches; ethnic groups; political action committees or PACs; health groups; education groups; civic groups; youth groups; transportation groups; agricultural groups; veterans groups; women's groups; reform lobbies
  International organization participation:
  ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), ANZUS, APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNSC (permanent), UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
  Flag description:
  13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; the blue stands for loyalty, devotion, truth, justice, and friendship; red symbolizes courage, zeal, and fervency, while white denotes purity and rectitude of conduct; commonly referred to by its nickname of Old Glory
  note: the design and colors have been the basis for a number of other flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and Puerto Rico
  National symbol(s):
  bald eagle; national colors: red, white, blue
  National anthem:
  name: "The Star-Spangled Banner"
  lyrics/music: Francis Scott KEY/John Stafford SMITH
  note: adopted 1931; during the War of 1812, after witnessing the successful American defense of Fort McHenry in Baltimore following British naval bombardment, Francis Scott KEY wrote the lyrics to what would become the national anthem; the lyrics were set to the tune of "The Anacreontic Song"; only the first verse is sung

- ## Economy :: UNITED STATES

- Economy - overview:
  The US has the most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $54,800. US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers, pharmaceuticals, and medical, aerospace, and military equipment; however, their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. Based on a comparison of GDP measured at Purchasing Power Parity conversion rates, the US economy in 2014, having stood as the largest in the world for more than a century, slipped into second place behind China, which has more than tripled the US growth rate for each year of the past four decades.
  In the US, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, they face higher barriers to enter their rivals' home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets.
  Long-term problems for the US include stagnation of wages for lower-income families, inadequate investment in deteriorating infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, energy shortages, and sizable current account and budget deficits.
  The onrush of technology has been a driving factor in the gradual development of a "two-tier" labor market in which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. But the globalization of trade, and especially the rise of low-wage producers such as China, has put additional downward pressure on wages and upward pressure on the return to capital. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of households. Since 1996, dividends and capital gains have grown faster than wages or any other category of after-tax income.
  Imported oil accounts for nearly 55% of US consumption and oil has a major impact on the overall health of the economy. Crude oil prices doubled between 2001 and 2006, the year home prices peaked; higher gasoline prices ate into consumers' budgets and many individuals fell behind in their mortgage payments. Oil prices climbed another 50% between 2006 and 2008, and bank foreclosures more than doubled in the same period. Besides dampening the housing market, soaring oil prices caused a drop in the value of the dollar and a deterioration in the US merchandise trade deficit, which peaked at $840 billion in 2008.
  The sub-prime mortgage crisis, falling home prices, investment bank failures, tight credit, and the global economic downturn pushed the United States into a recession by mid-2008. GDP contracted until the third quarter of 2009, making this the deepest and longest downturn since the Great Depression. To help stabilize financial markets, the US Congress established a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) in October 2008. The government used some of these funds to purchase equity in US banks and industrial corporations, much of which had been returned to the government by early 2011. In January 2009 the US Congress passed and President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus to be used over 10 years - two-thirds on additional spending and one-third on tax cuts - to create jobs and to help the economy recover. In 2010 and 2011, the federal budget deficit reached nearly 9% of GDP. In 2012, the federal government reduced the growth of spending and the deficit shrank to 7.6% of GDP.
  Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required major shifts in national resources from civilian to military purposes and contributed to the growth of the budget deficit and public debt. Through 2014, the direct costs of the wars totaled more than $1.5 trillion, according to US Government figures. US revenues from taxes and other sources are lower, as a percentage of GDP, than those of most other countries.
  In March 2010, President OBAMA signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, a health insurance reform that was designed to extend coverage to an additional 32 million American citizens by 2016, through private health insurance for the general population and Medicaid for the impoverished. Total spending on health care - public plus private - rose from 9.0% of GDP in 1980 to 17.9% in 2010.
  In July 2010, the president signed the DODD-FRANK Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, a law designed to promote financial stability by protecting consumers from financial abuses, ending taxpayer bailouts of financial firms, dealing with troubled banks that are "too big to fail," and improving accountability and transparency in the financial system - in particular, by requiring certain financial derivatives to be traded in markets that are subject to government regulation and oversight.
  In December 2012, the Federal Reserve Board (Fed) announced plans to purchase $85 billion per month of mortgage-backed and Treasury securities in an effort to hold down long-term interest rates, and to keep short term rates near zero until unemployment dropped below 6.5% or inflation rose above 2.5%. In late 2013, the Fed announced that it would begin scaling back long-term bond purchases to $75 billion per month in January 2014 and reduce them further as conditions warranted; the Fed ended the purchases during the summer of 2014. In 2014, the unemployment rate dropped to 6.2%, and continued to fall to 5.5% by mid-2015, the lowest rate of joblessness since before the global recession began; inflation stood at 1.7%, and public debt as a share of GDP continued to decline, following several years of increase.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $17.42 trillion (2014 est.)
  $17.01 trillion (2013 est.)
  $16.64 trillion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 3
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $17.42 trillion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  2.4% (2014 est.)
  2.2% (2013 est.)
  2.3% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 131
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $54,600 (2014 est.)
  $53,300 (2013 est.)
  $52,200 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 19
  Gross national saving:
  17.9% of GDP (2014 est.)
  18.1% of GDP (2013 est.)
  17.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 99
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 68.7%
  government consumption: 18.1%
  investment in fixed capital: 15.9%
  investment in inventories: 0.4%
  exports of goods and services: 13.4%
  imports of goods and services: -16.4%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 1.6%
  industry: 20.7%
  services: 77.7%
  (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish; forest products
  Industries:
  highly diversified, world leading, high-technology innovator, second-largest industrial output in the world; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining
  Industrial production growth rate:
  2.8% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 103
  Labor force:
  156 million
  note: includes unemployed (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 4
  Labor force - by occupation:
  farming, forestry, and fishing: 0.7%
  manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts: 20.3%
  managerial, professional, and technical: 37.3%
  sales and office: 24.2%
  other services: 17.6%
  note: figures exclude the unemployed
  (2009)
  Unemployment rate:
  6.2% (2014 est.)
  7.4% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 65
  Population below poverty line:
  15.1% (2010 est.)
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 2%
  highest 10%: 30% (2007 est.)
  Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  45 (2007)
  40.8 (1997)
  country comparison to the world: 41
  Budget:
  revenues: $3.029 trillion
  expenditures: $3.52 trillion
  note: for the US, revenues exclude social contributions of approximately $1.0 trillion; expenditures exclude social benefits of approximately $2.3 trillion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  17.4% of GDP
  note: excludes contributions for social security and other programs; if social contributions were added, taxes and other revenues would amount to approximately 22% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 179
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  -2.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 108
  Public debt:
  71.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
  72.3% of GDP (2013 est.)
  note: data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as "Debt Held by the Public," which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by individual US states, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of Treasury borrowings from surpluses in the trusts for Federal Social Security, Federal Employees, Hospital Insurance (Medicare and Medicaid), Disability and Unemployment, and several other smaller trusts; if data for intra-government debt were added, "Gross Debt" would increase by about one-third of GDP
  country comparison to the world: 39
  Fiscal year:
  1 October - 30 September
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  1.6% (2014 est.)
  1.5% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 85
  Central bank discount rate:
  0.5% (31 December 2010)
  0.5% (31 December 2009)
  country comparison to the world: 142
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  3.3% (31 December 2014 est.)
  3.25% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 168
  Stock of narrow money:
  $2.943 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $2.546 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 4
  Stock of broad money:
  $11.79 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $10.69 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 3
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $18.73 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $17.58 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 2
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $18.67 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)
  $15.64 trillion (31 December 2011)
  $17.14 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 1
  Current account balance:
  -$410.6 billion (2014 est.)
  -$400.3 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 193
  Exports:
  $1.61 trillion (2014 est.)
  $1.592 trillion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 3
  Exports - commodities:
  agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2%, industrial supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8%, capital goods (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment) 49.0%, consumer goods (automobiles, medicines) 15.0% (2008 est.)
  Exports - partners:
  Canada 19%, Mexico 14.3%, China 7.7%, Japan 4.1% (2013)
  Imports:
  $2.334 trillion (2014 est.)
  $2.295 trillion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 1
  Imports - commodities:
  agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys) (2008 est.)
  Imports - partners:
  China 19.6%, Canada 14.6%, Mexico 12.3%, Japan 6.1%, Germany 5% (2013)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $144.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 19
  Debt - external:
  $15.68 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)
  $15.51 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)
  note: approximately 4/5ths of US external debt is denominated in US dollars; foreign lenders have been willing to hold US dollar denominated debt instruments because they view the dollar as the world's reserve currency
  country comparison to the world: 2
  Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
  $3.258 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $2.946 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 1
  Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
  $5.266 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $4.862 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 1
  Exchange rates:
  British pounds per US dollar: 0.6003 (2014 est), 0.6391 (2013 est.), 0.6324 (2012 est.), 0.624 (2011 est.), 0.6472 (2010
  Canadian dollars per US dollar: (2014 est.), 1.099 (2014 est.), 1.0298 (2013 est.), 0.9992 (2012 est.), 0.9895 (2011 est), 1.0302 (2010 est.)
  Chinese yuan per US dollar: (2013 est.), 6.12 (2014 est.), 6.1958(2013 est.), 6.3123 (2012 est.), 6.4615 (20111 est.), 6.7703 (2010 est.)
  euros per US dollar: (2012 est.), 0.7489 (2014 est.), 0.7634 (2013 est.), 0.7752 (2012 est.), 0.7185 (2011 est.), 0.755 (2010 est.)
  Japanese yen per US dollar: 104.50 (2014 est.), 97.44 (2013 est.), 79.79 (2012 est.), 79.81 (2011 est.), 87.78 (2010)

- ## Energy :: UNITED STATES

- Electricity - production:
  4.048 trillion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 2
  Electricity - consumption:
  3.883 trillion kWh (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 2
  Electricity - exports:
  11.28 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 18
  Electricity - imports:
  63.61 billion kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 2
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  1.053 billion kW (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 2
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  76.3% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 99
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  9.8% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 19
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  7.6% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 121
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  6.2% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 48
  Crude oil - production:
  11.27 million bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 2
  Crude oil - exports:
  67,470 bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 43
  Crude oil - imports:
  8.527 million bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 1
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  30.53 billion bbl (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 11
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  18.56 million bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 1
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  18.89 million bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 1
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  2.311 million bbl/day (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 2
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  2.071 million bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 3
  Natural gas - production:
  687.6 billion cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 1
  Natural gas - consumption:
  737.3 billion cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 1
  Natural gas - exports:
  44.51 billion cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 10
  Natural gas - imports:
  81.63 billion cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 4
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  8.734 trillion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 4
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  5.27 billion Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 2

- ## Communications :: UNITED STATES

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 129.4 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 41 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 3
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 317.4 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 100 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 5
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: a large, technologically advanced, multipurpose communications system
  domestic: a large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites carries every form of telephone traffic; a rapidly growing cellular system carries mobile telephone traffic throughout the country
  international: country code - 1; multiple ocean cable systems provide international connectivity; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Atlantic Ocean and 16 Pacific Ocean), 5 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 4 Inmarsat (Pacific and Atlantic Ocean regions) (2011)
  Broadcast media:
  4 major terrestrial TV networks with affiliate stations throughout the country, plus cable and satellite networks, independent stations, and a limited public broadcasting sector that is largely supported by private grants; overall, thousands of TV stations broadcasting; multiple national radio networks with many affiliate stations; while most stations are commercial, National Public Radio (NPR) has a network of some 600 member stations; satellite radio available; overall, nearly 15,000 radio stations operating (2008)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 4,789, FM 8,961, shortwave 19 (2006)
  Television broadcast stations:
  2,218 (2006)
  Internet country code:
  .us
  Internet users:
  total: 276.6 million
  percent of population: 86.8% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 3

- ## Transportation :: UNITED STATES

- Airports:
  13,513 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 1
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 5,054
  over 3,047 m: 189
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 235
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 1,478
  914 to 1,523 m: 2,249
  under 914 m: 903 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 8,459
  over 3,047 m: 1
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 140
  914 to 1,523 m: 1,552
  under 914 m:
  6,760 (2013)
  Heliports:
  5,287 (2013)
  Pipelines:
  natural gas 1,984,321 km; petroleum products 240,711 km (2013)
  Railways:
  total: 293,564.2 km
  standard gauge: 293,564.2 km 1.435-m gauge (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 1
  Roadways:
  total: 6,586,610 km
  paved: 4,304,715 km (includes 76,334 km of expressways)
  unpaved: 2,281,895 km (2012)
  country comparison to the world: 1
  Waterways:
  41,009 km (19,312 km used for commerce; Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, is shared with Canada) (2012)
  country comparison to the world: 5
  Merchant marine:
  total: 393
  by type: barge carrier 6, bulk carrier 55, cargo 51, carrier 2, chemical tanker 30, container 84, passenger 18, passenger/cargo 56, petroleum tanker 35, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 27, vehicle carrier 26
  foreign-owned: 85 (Australia 1, Bermuda 5, Denmark 31, France 4, Germany 5, Malaysia 2, Norway 17, Singapore 16, UK 4)
  registered in other countries: 794 (Antigua and Barbuda 7, Australia 2, Bahamas 109, Belgium 1, Bermuda 26, Canada 10, Cayman Islands 57, Comoros 2, Cyprus 5, Georgia 1, Greece 8, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 44, Indonesia 2, Ireland 2, Isle of Man 1, Italy 23, Liberia 53, Malta 34, Marshall Islands 200, Netherlands 16, Norway 10, Panama 90, Portugal 4, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 18, Singapore 36, South Korea 8, Togo 1, UK 14, Vanuatu 2, unknown 6) (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 26
  Ports and terminals:
  cargo ports (tonnage): Baton Rouge, Corpus Christi, Hampton Roads, Houston, Long Beach, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Plaquemines, Tampa, Texas City
  container port(s) (TEUs): Hampton Roads (1,918,029), Houston (1,866,450), Long Beach (6,061,091), Los Angeles (7,940,511), New York/New Jersey (5,503,485), Oakland (2,342,504), Savannah (2,944,678), Seattle (2,033,535)(2011)
  cruise departure ports (passengers): Miami (2,032,000), Port Everglades (1,277,000), Port Canaveral (1,189,000), Seattle (430,000), Long Beach (415,000) (2009)
  oil terminals: LOOP terminal, Haymark terminal
  LNG terminal(s) (import): Cove Point (MD), Elba Island (GA), Everett (MA), Freeport (TX), Golden Pass (TX), Hackberry (LA), Lake Charles (LA), Neptune (offshore), Northeast Gateway (offshore), Pascagoula (MS), Sabine Pass (TX)
  LNG terminal(s) (export): Kenai (AK)

- ## Military :: UNITED STATES

- Military branches:
  United States Armed Forces: US Army, US Navy (includes Marine Corps), US Air Force, US Coast Guard; note - Coast Guard administered in peacetime by the Department of Homeland Security, but in wartime reports to the Department of the Navy (2013)
  Military service age and obligation:
  18 years of age (17 years of age with parental consent) for male and female voluntary service; no conscription; maximum enlistment age 42 (Army), 27 (Air Force), 34 (Navy), 28 (Marines); service obligation 8 years, including 2-5 years active duty (Army), 2 years active (Navy), 4 years active (Air Force, Marines); DoD is eliminating prohibitions restricting women from assignments in units smaller than brigades or near combat units (2013)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 73,270,043
  females age 16-49: 71,941,969 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 60,620,143
  females age 16-49: 59,401,941 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 2,161,727
  female: 2,055,685 (2010 est.)
  Military expenditures:
  4.35% of GDP (2012)
  4.75% of GDP (2011)
  4.35% of GDP (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 9

- ## Transnational Issues :: UNITED STATES

- Disputes - international:
  the US has intensified domestic security measures and is collaborating closely with its neighbors, Canada and Mexico, to monitor and control legal and illegal personnel, transport, and commodities across the international borders; abundant rainfall in recent years along much of the Mexico-US border region has ameliorated periodically strained water-sharing arrangements; 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement in the Bering Sea still awaits Russian Duma ratification; Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; The Bahamas and US have not been able to agree on a maritime boundary; US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Cuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island; US has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other states; Marshall Islands claims Wake Island; Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island among the islands listed in its 2006 draft constitution
  Refugees and internally displaced persons:
  refugees (country of origin): the US admitted 69,987 refugees during FY2014 including: 19,769 (Iraq); 14,598 (Burma); 9,000 (Somalia); 8,434 (Bhutan); 4,540 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 4,062 (Cuba); 2,846 (Iran)
  Illicit drugs:
  world's largest consumer of cocaine (shipped from Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean), Colombian heroin, and Mexican heroin and marijuana; major consumer of ecstasy and Mexican methamphetamine; minor consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center

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