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Africa :: Uganda

- ## Introduction :: UGANDA

- Background:
  The colonial boundaries created by Britain to delimit Uganda grouped together a wide range of ethnic groups with different political systems and cultures. These differences prevented the establishment of a working political community after independence was achieved in 1962. The dictatorial regime of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for the deaths of some 300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rights abuses under Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed at least another 100,000 lives. The rule of Yoweri MUSEVENI since 1986 has brought relative stability and economic growth to Uganda. A constitutional referendum in 2005 cancelled a 19-year ban on multi-party politics and lifted presidential term limits.

- ## Geography :: UGANDA

- Location:
  East-Central Africa, west of Kenya, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  Geographic coordinates:
  1 00 N, 32 00 E
  Map references:
  Africa
  Area:
  total: 241,038 sq km
  land: 197,100 sq km
  water: 43,938 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 81
  Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than Oregon
  Land boundaries:
  total: 2,729 km
  border countries (5): Democratic Republic of the Congo 877 km, Kenya 814 km, Rwanda 172 km, South Sudan 475 km, Tanzania 391 km
  Coastline:
  0 km (landlocked)
  Maritime claims:
  none (landlocked)
  Climate:
  tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast
  Terrain:
  mostly plateau with rim of mountains
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m
  highest point: Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m
  Natural resources:
  copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land, gold
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 71.2%
  arable land 34.3%; permanent crops 11.3%; permanent pasture 25.6%
  forest: 14.5%
  other: 14.3% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  144.2 sq km (2010)
  Total renewable water resources:
  66 cu km (2011)
  Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
  total: 0.32 cu km/yr (41%/16%/43%)
  per capita: 12.31 cu m/yr (2005)
  Natural hazards:
  NA
  Environment - current issues:
  draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; widespread poaching
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
  signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
  Geography - note:
  landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many lakes and rivers

- ## People and Society :: UGANDA

- Nationality:
  noun: Ugandan(s)
  adjective: Ugandan
  Ethnic groups:
  Baganda 16.9%, Banyankole 9.5%, Basoga 8.4%, Bakiga 6.9%, Iteso 6.4%, Langi 6.1%, Acholi 4.7%, Bagisu 4.6%, Lugbara 4.2%, Bunyoro 2.7%, other 29.6% (2002 census)
  Languages:
  English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
  Religions:
  Roman Catholic 41.9%, Protestant 42% (Anglican 35.9%, Pentecostal 4.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.5%), Muslim 12.1%, other 3.1%, none 0.9% (2002 census)
  Population:
  37,101,745
  note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 36
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 48.47% (male 8,966,494/female 9,015,302)
  15-24 years: 21.16% (male 3,892,004/female 3,958,998)
  25-54 years: 25.91% (male 4,808,534/female 4,803,040)
  55-64 years: 2.43% (male 431,112/female 470,359)
  65 years and over: 2.04% (male 332,724/female 423,178) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 102.3%
  youth dependency ratio: 97.3%
  elderly dependency ratio: 5%
  potential support ratio: 19.9% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 15.6 years
  male: 15.6 years
  female: 15.7 years (2015 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  3.24% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 5
  Birth rate:
  43.79 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 3
  Death rate:
  10.69 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 36
  Net migration rate:
  -0.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 143
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 16.1% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 5.43% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  KAMPALA (capital) 1.936 million (2015)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 59.21 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 68.39 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 49.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 21
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 54.93 years
  male: 53.54 years
  female: 56.36 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 211
  Total fertility rate:
  5.89 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 5
  Contraceptive prevalence rate:
  30% (2011)
  Health expenditures:
  9.8% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 58
  Physicians density:
  0.12 physicians/1,000 population (2005)
  Hospital bed density:
  0.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 95.5% of population
  rural: 75.8% of population
  total: 79% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 4.5% of population
  rural: 24.2% of population
  total: 21% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 28.5% of population
  rural: 17.3% of population
  total: 19.1% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 71.5% of population
  rural: 82.7% of population
  total: 80.9% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  7.25% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 10
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  1,486,600 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 7
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  32,900 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 10
  Major infectious diseases:
  degree of risk: very high
  food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
  vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and trypanosomiasis-Gambiense (African sleeping sickness)
  water contact disease: schistosomiasis
  animal contact disease: rabies (2013)
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  3.9% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 167
  Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
  14.1% (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 51
  Education expenditures:
  3.3% of GDP (2012)
  country comparison to the world: 131
  Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 78.4%
  male: 85.3%
  female: 71.5% (2015 est.)
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  total: 10 years
  male: 10 years
  female: 10 years (2011)
  Child labor - children ages 5-14:
  total number: 117,266
  percentage: 25%
  note: data represents children ages 5-17 (2010 est.)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
  total: 5.4% (2009 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 125

- ## Government :: UGANDA

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Republic of Uganda
  conventional short form: Uganda
  Government type:
  republic
  Capital:
  name: Kampala
  geographic coordinates: 0 19 N, 32 33 E
  time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  Administrative divisions:
  111 districts and 1 capital city*; Abim, Adjumani, Agago, Alebtong, Amolatar, Amudat, Amuria, Amuru, Apac, Arua, Budaka, Bududa, Bugiri, Buhweju, Buikwe, Bukedea, Bukomansimbi, Bukwa, Bulambuli, Buliisa, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Busia, Butaleja, Butambala, Buvuma, Buyende, Dokolo, Gomba, Gulu, Hoima, Ibanda, Iganga, Isingiro, Jinja, Kaabong, Kabale, Kabarole, Kaberamaido, Kalangala, Kaliro, Kalungu, Kampala*, Kamuli, Kamwenge, Kanungu, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Katakwi, Kayunga, Kibaale, Kiboga, Kibuku, Kiruhura, Kiryandongo, Kisoro, Kitgum, Koboko, Kole, Kotido, Kumi, Kween, Kyankwanzi, Kyegegwa, Kyenjojo, Lamwo, Lira, Luuka, Luwero, Lwengo, Lyantonde, Manafwa, Maracha, Masaka, Masindi, Mayuge, Mbale, Mbarara, Mitooma, Mityana, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nakapiripirit, Nakaseke, Nakasongola, Namayingo, Namutumba, Napak, Nebbi, Ngora, Ntoroko, Ntungamo, Nwoya, Otuke, Oyam, Pader, Pallisa, Rakai, Rubirizi, Rukungiri, Sembabule, Serere, Sheema, Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, Wakiso, Yumbe, Zombo
  Independence:
  9 October 1962 (from the UK)
  National holiday:
  Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
  Constitution:
  several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1995, promulgated 8 October 1995; amended many times, last in 2005 (2011)
  Legal system:
  mixed legal system of English common law and customary law
  International law organization participation:
  accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986); Vice President Edward SSEKANDI (since 24 May 2011); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
  head of government: President Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986); Prime Minister Amama MBABAZI (since 24 May 2011); note - the prime minister assists the president in supervising the cabinet
  cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected members of the National Assembly
  elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (limited to 2 terms); election last held on 18 February 2011 (next to be held in 2016)
  election results: Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI reelected president; percent of vote - Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (NRM) 68.4%, Kizza BESIGYE (FDC) 26.0%, other 5.6%
  Legislative branch:
  description: unicameral National Assembly or Parliament (338 seats; 238 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 112 for women - directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, and 25 "representatives" reserved for special interest groups - army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5; there are 13 ex-officio members appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
  elections: last held on 18 February 2011 (next to be held in March 2016)
  election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NRM 263, FDC 34, DP 12, UPC 10, UPDF 10, CP 1, JEEMA 1, independent 43, vacant 1; note - UPDF is the Uganda People's Defense Force
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Supreme Court of Uganda (consists of the chief justice and 7 justices)
  judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the president in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission (a 9-member independent advisory body) and with approval of the National Assembly; justices serve until mandatory retirement at age 70
  subordinate courts: Court of Appeal (also sits as the Constitutional Court); High Court (includes 10 High Court Circuits and 7 High Court Divisions); Chief Magistrate, Grade One and Grade Two Courts
  Political parties and leaders:
  Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]
  Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO]
  Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Muntu MUGISHA]
  Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA]
  National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI]
  Peoples Progressive Party or PPP [Bidandi SSALI]
  Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Olara OTUNNU]
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  Activists for Change or A4C
  National Association of Women Organizations in Uganda or NAWOU [Florence NEKYON]
  Parliamentary Advocacy Forum or PAFO
  Ugandan Coalition for Political Accountability to Women or COPAW
  International organization participation:
  ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Oliver WONEKHA (since 6 June 2013)
  chancery: 5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011
  telephone: [1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416
  FAX: [1] (202) 726-1727
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Scott H. DELISI (since 29 September 2012)
  embassy: 1577 Ggaba Road, Kampala
  mailing address: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala
  telephone: [256] (414) 259 791 through 93, 95
  FAX: [256] (414) 259-794
  Flag description:
  six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a grey crowned crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side; black symbolizes the African people, yellow sunshine and vitality, red African brotherhood; the crane was the military badge of Ugandan soldiers under the UK
  National symbol(s):
  grey crowned crane; national colors: black, yellow, red
  National anthem:
  name: "Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty!"
  lyrics/music: George Wilberforce KAKOMOA
  note: adopted 1962

- ## Economy :: UGANDA

- Economy - overview:
  Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, small deposits of copper, gold, and other minerals, and recently discovered oil. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over two-thirds of the work force. Coffee accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. Since 1990 economic reforms ushered in an era of solid economic growth based on continued investment in infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, lower inflation, better domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. The global economic downturn in 2008 hurt Uganda's exports; however, Uganda's GDP growth has largely recovered due to past reforms and sound management of the downturn. Oil revenues and taxes will become a larger source of government funding as oil comes on line in the next few years, although lower oil prices since 2014 and protracted negotiations and legal disputes between the Ugandan government and oil companies may prove a stumbling block to further exploration and development. Instability in South Sudan is a risk for the Ugandan economy because Uganda is a key destination for Sudanese refugees and South Sudan is Uganda's main export partner. Unreliable power, high energy costs, inadequate transportation infrastructure, and corruption inhibit economic development and investor confidence. During 2014 to 2015 the Uganda shilling depreciated against the dollar, and this, coupled with increased public debt, has severely impeded production, especially since Uganda imports most of its capital goods.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $76.94 billion (2014 est.)
  $73.35 billion (2013 est.)
  $70.6 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 98
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $27.62 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  4.9% (2014 est.)
  3.9% (2013 est.)
  2.6% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 36
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $2,000 (2014 est.)
  $1,900 (2013 est.)
  $1,900 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 209
  Gross national saving:
  24.3% of GDP (2014 est.)
  22.9% of GDP (2013 est.)
  21.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 112
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 78.9%
  government consumption: 8.8%
  investment in fixed capital: 24.2%
  investment in inventories: 0.2%
  exports of goods and services: 21%
  imports of goods and services: -33.2%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 21.9%
  industry: 26.7%
  services: 51.3% (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (manioc, tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, cut flowers; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry
  Industries:
  sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production
  Industrial production growth rate:
  5% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 52
  Labor force:
  18 million (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 34
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 82%
  industry: 5%
  services: 13% (1999 est.)
  Unemployment rate:
  NA%
  Population below poverty line:
  19.7% (2013 est.)
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 2.4%
  highest 10%: 36.1% (2009 est.)
  Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  39.5 (2013)
  45.7 (2002)
  country comparison to the world: 46
  Budget:
  revenues: $3.434 billion
  expenditures: $4.431 billion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  13.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 202
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  -3.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 137
  Public debt:
  35.7% of GDP (2014 est.)
  34.2% of GDP (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 110
  Fiscal year:
  1 July - 30 June
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  4.7% (2014 est.)
  5.5% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 167
  Central bank discount rate:
  14% (December 2014)
  14.5% (31 December 2013)
  country comparison to the world: 10
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  20.7% (31 December 2014 est.)
  22% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 13
  Stock of narrow money:
  $2.451 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $2.218 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 125
  Stock of broad money:
  $4.262 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $3.705 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 139
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $3.777 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $3.332 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 127
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $7.294 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
  $7.727 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
  $1.788 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 80
  Current account balance:
  -$2.082 billion (2014 est.)
  -$1.696 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 150
  Exports:
  $2.66 billion (2014 est.)
  $2.829 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 133
  Exports - commodities:
  coffee, fish and fish products, tea, cotton, flowers, horticultural products; gold
  Exports - partners:
  Rwanda 10.1%, UAE 9.8%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 9.3%, Kenya 9.1%, Netherlands 6%, Germany 5.7%, Italy 5.5%, China 5.3% (2014)
  Imports:
  $4.714 billion (2014 est.)
  $4.512 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 130
  Imports - commodities:
  capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals
  Imports - partners:
  Kenya 18.3%, UAE 14.3%, India 12.8%, China 11.3%, Japan 4.4% (2014)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $3.246 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $3.122 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  note: excludes gold
  country comparison to the world: 103
  Debt - external:
  $4.095 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $3.594 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 125
  Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
  $NA
  Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
  $NA
  Exchange rates:
  Ugandan shillings (UGX) per US dollar -
  2,600.3 (2014 est.)
  2,586.5 (2013 est.)
  2,505.6 (2012 est.)
  2,522.8 (2011 est.)
  2,177.6 (2010 est.)

- ## Energy :: UGANDA

- Electricity - production:
  2.493 billion kWh (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 133
  Electricity - consumption:
  2.284 billion kWh (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 138
  Electricity - exports:
  70 million kWh (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 84
  Electricity - imports:
  36 million kWh (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 105
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  711,400 kW (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 132
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  21% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 192
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 195
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  59.9% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 19
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  19.2% of total installed capacity (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 65
  Crude oil - production:
  0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 137
  Crude oil - exports:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 196
  Crude oil - imports:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 134
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  2.5 billion bbl (July 6, 1905)
  country comparison to the world: 34
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 203
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  18,180 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 135
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 139
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  22,990 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 99
  Natural gas - production:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 201
  Natural gas - consumption:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 202
  Natural gas - exports:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 197
  Natural gas - imports:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 142
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  14.16 billion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 77
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  2.548 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 145

- ## Communications :: UGANDA

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 320,000
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 114
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 20.4 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 57 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: mobile cellular service is increasing rapidly, but the number of main lines is still deficient; work underway on a national backbone information and communications technology infrastructure; international phone networks and Internet connectivity provided through satellite and VSAT applications
  domestic: intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and radiotelephone communication stations, fixed-line and mobile-cellular systems for short-range traffic; mobile-cellular teledensity about 50 per 100 persons in 2010
  international: country code - 256; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog links to Kenya and Tanzania (2011)
  Broadcast media:
  public broadcaster, Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC), operates radio and TV networks; Uganda first began licensing privately owned stations in the 1990s; by 2007, there were nearly 150 radio and 35 TV stations, mostly based in and around Kampala; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available in Kampala (2007)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 7, FM 33, shortwave 2 (2001)
  Television broadcast stations:
  8 (plus 1 repeater) (2001)
  Internet country code:
  .ug
  Internet users:
  total: 6 million
  percent of population: 16.8% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 57

- ## Transportation :: UGANDA

- Airports:
  47 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 93
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 5
  over 3,047 m: 3
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
  914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 42
  over 3,047 m: 1
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
  914 to 1,523 m: 26
  under 914 m:
  7 (2013)
  Railways:
  total: 1,244 km
  narrow gauge: 1,244 km 1.000-m gauge (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 83
  Roadways:
  total: 20,000 km (excludes local roads)
  paved: 3,264 km
  unpaved: 16,736 km (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 109
  Waterways:
  (there are no long navigable stretches of river in Uganda; parts of the Albert Nile that flow out of Lake Albert in the northwestern part of the country are navigable; several lakes including Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga have substantial traffic; Lake Albert is navigable along a 200-km stretch from its northern tip to its southern shores) (2011)
  Ports and terminals:
  lake port(s): Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell (Lake Victoria)

- ## Military :: UGANDA

- Military branches:
  Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF): Land Forces (includes Marine Unit), Uganda Air Force (2013)
  Military service age and obligation:
  18-26 years of age for voluntary military duty; 18-30 years of age for professionals; no conscription; 9-year service obligation; the government has stated that while recruitment under 18 years of age could occur with proper consent, "no person under the apparent age of 18 years shall be enrolled in the armed forces"; Ugandan citizenship and secondary education required (2012)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 7,249,271
  females age 16-49: 7,025,439 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 4,313,068
  females age 16-49: 4,200,901 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 423,923
  female: 420,236 (2010 est.)
  Military expenditures:
  2.2% of GDP (2013)
  1.45% of GDP (2012)
  3.73% of GDP (2011)
  1.45% of GDP (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 67

- ## Transnational Issues :: UGANDA

- Disputes - international:
  Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its borders; Ugandan refugees as well as members of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) seek shelter in southern Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Garamba National Park; LRA forces have also attacked Kenyan villages across the border
  Refugees and internally displaced persons:
  refugees (country of origin): 190,612 (South Sudan); 187,838 (Democratic Republic of Congo); 28,005 (Somalia); 16,601 (Rwanda); 26,106 (Burundi) (2015)
  IDPs: 30,136 (displaced in northern Uganda because of fighting between government forces and the Lord's Resistance Army; as of 2011, most of the 1.8 million people displaced to IDP camps at the height of the conflict had returned home or resettled, but many had not found durable solutions; intercommunal violence and cattle raids) (2014)

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