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Africa :: Mozambique

- ## Introduction :: MOZAMBIQUE

- Background:
  Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development until the mid-1990s. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO stepped down after 18 years in office. His elected successor, Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, promised to continue the sound economic policies that have encouraged foreign investment. President GUEBUZA was reelected to a second term in October 2009. However, the elections were flawed by voter fraud, questionable disqualification of candidates, and FRELIMO use of government resources during the campaign.

- ## Geography :: MOZAMBIQUE

- Location:
  Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania
  Geographic coordinates:
  18 15 S, 35 00 E
  Map references:
  Africa
  Area:
  total: 799,380 sq km
  land: 786,380 sq km
  water: 13,000 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 35
  Area - comparative:
  slightly less than twice the size of California
  Land boundaries:
  total: 4,783 km
  border countries (6): Malawi 1,498 km, South Africa 496 km, Swaziland 108 km, Tanzania 840 km, Zambia 439 km, Zimbabwe 1,402 km
  Coastline:
  2,470 km
  Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
  Climate:
  tropical to subtropical
  Terrain:
  mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
  highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m
  Natural resources:
  coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 56.3%
  arable land 6.4%; permanent crops 0.3%; permanent pasture 49.6%
  forest: 43.7%
  other: 0% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  1,181 sq km (2003)
  Total renewable water resources:
  217.1 cu km (2011)
  Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
  total: 0.88 cu km/yr (26%/4%/70%)
  per capita: 46.05 cu m/yr (2005)
  Natural hazards:
  severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces
  Environment - current issues:
  increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
  Geography - note:
  the Zambezi River flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country

- ## People and Society :: MOZAMBIQUE

- Nationality:
  noun: Mozambican(s)
  adjective: Mozambican
  Ethnic groups:
  African 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%
  Languages:
  Emakhuwa 25.3%, Portuguese (official) 10.7%, Xichangana 10.3%, Cisena 7.5%, Elomwe 7%, Echuwabo 5.1%, other Mozambican languages 30.1%, other 4% (1997 census)
  Religions:
  Roman Catholic 28.4%, Muslim 17.9%, Zionist Christian 15.5%, Protestant 12.2% (includes Pentecostal 10.9% and Anglican 1.3%), other 6.7%, none 18.7%, unspecified 0.7% (2007 est.)
  Population:
  25,303,113
  note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 51
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 45.13% (male 5,740,743/female 5,677,563)
  15-24 years: 21.43% (male 2,657,099/female 2,764,109)
  25-54 years: 27.09% (male 3,201,321/female 3,654,012)
  55-64 years: 3.44% (male 415,357/female 455,450)
  65 years and over: 2.91% (male 338,552/female 398,907) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 94.8%
  youth dependency ratio: 88.2%
  elderly dependency ratio: 6.5%
  potential support ratio: 15.3% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 17 years
  male: 16.4 years
  female: 17.6 years (2015 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  2.45% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 28
  Birth rate:
  38.58 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 10
  Death rate:
  12.1 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 26
  Net migration rate:
  -1.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 166
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 32.2% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 3.27% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  MAPUTO (capital) 1.187 million; Matola 937,000 (2015)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 0.88 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 70.21 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 72.29 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 68.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 13
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 52.94 years
  male: 52.18 years
  female: 53.72 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 214
  Total fertility rate:
  5.21 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 12
  Contraceptive prevalence rate:
  11.6% (2011)
  Health expenditures:
  6.8% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 99
  Physicians density:
  0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2012)
  Hospital bed density:
  0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 80.6% of population
  rural: 37% of population
  total: 51.1% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 19.4% of population
  rural: 63% of population
  total: 48.9% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 42.4% of population
  rural: 10.1% of population
  total: 20.5% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 57.6% of population
  rural: 89.9% of population
  total: 79.5% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  10.58% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 8
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  1.543 million (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 5
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  44,900 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 5
  Major infectious diseases:
  degree of risk: very high
  food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
  vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever
  water contact disease: schistosomiasis
  animal contact disease: rabies (2013)
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  4.5% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 158
  Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
  15.6% (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 44
  Education expenditures:
  5% of GDP (2006)
  country comparison to the world: 78
  Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 58.8%
  male: 73.3%
  female: 45.4% (2015 est.)
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  total: 9 years
  male: 10 years
  female: 9 years (2013)
  Child labor - children ages 5-14:
  total number: 1,369,080
  percentage: 22% (2008 est.)

- ## Government :: MOZAMBIQUE

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique
  conventional short form: Mozambique
  local long form: Republica de Mocambique
  local short form: Mocambique
  former: Portuguese East Africa
  Government type:
  republic
  Capital:
  name: Maputo
  geographic coordinates: 25 57 S, 32 35 E
  time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  Administrative divisions:
  10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade)*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia
  Independence:
  25 June 1975 (from Portugal)
  National holiday:
  Independence Day, 25 June (1975)
  Constitution:
  previous 1975, 1990; latest adopted 16 November 2004, effective 21 December 2004; note - amendments drafted by late 2013, but parliamentary review has been stalled (2014)
  Legal system:
  mixed legal system of Portuguese civil law, and customary law; note - in rural, predominately Muslim villages with no formal legal system, Islamic law may be applied
  International law organization participation:
  has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Filipe Jacinto NYUSI (since 15 January 2015)
  head of government: Prime Minister Carlos Agostinho DO ROSARIO (since 17 January 2015); Alberto Clementino Antonio VAQUINA removed from office 9 January 2015
  cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
  elections/appointments: president elected directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for 2 consecutive terms); election last held on 15 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2019); prime minister appointed by the president
  election results: Filipe NYUSI elected president; percent of vote - Filipe NYUSI (FRELIMO) 57.0%, Afonso DHLAKAMA (RENAMO) 36.6%, Daviz SIMANGO (MDM) 6.4%
  Legislative branch:
  description: unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members - including 2 representing Mozambicans abroad - directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)
  elections: last held on 15 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2019)
  election results: percent of vote by party - FRELIMO 55.9%, RENAMO 32.5%, MDM 8.4%, other 3.3%; seats by party - FRELIMO 144, RENAMO 89, MDM 17
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 judges); note - the Higher Council of the Judiciary is responsible for judiciary management and discipline
  judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by Mozambique president in consultation with the Higher Council of the Judiciary (CSMJ) and with ratification by the legislature; other judges elected by the legislature; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Council judges appointed - 1 by the president, 5 by the legislature, and 1 by the CSMJ; judges serve 5-year nonrenewable terms
  subordinate courts: Administrative Court (capital city only); provincial courts or Tribunais Judicias de Provincia; District Courts or Tribunais Judicias de Districto; customs courts; maritime courts; courts marshal; labor courts; community courts
  Political parties and leaders:
  Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [Daviz SIMANGO]
  Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Armando Emilio GUEBUZA]
  Mozambique National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA]
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]
  International organization participation:
  ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Amelia Narciso Matos SUMBANA (since 2 November 2009)
  chancery: 1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
  telephone: [1] (202) 293-7146
  FAX: [1] (202) 835-0245
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Douglas M. GRIFFITHS (since 6 July 2012)
  embassy: Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo
  mailing address: P. O. Box 783, Maputo
  telephone: [258] (21) 492797
  FAX: [258] (21) 490114
  Flag description:
  three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book; green represents the riches of the land, white peace, black the African continent, yellow the country's minerals, and red the struggle for independence; the rifle symbolizes defense and vigilance, the hoe refers to the country's agriculture, the open book stresses the importance of education, and the star represents Marxism and internationalism
  National symbol(s):
  national colors: green, black, yellow, white, red
  National anthem:
  name: "Patria Amada" (Lovely Fatherland)
  lyrics/music: Salomao J. MANHICA/unknown
  note: adopted 2002

- ## Economy :: MOZAMBIQUE

- Economy - overview:
  At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, propelled the country’s GDP from $4 billion in 1993, following the war, to about $30.9 billion in 2014. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, more than half the population remains below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's work force. A substantial trade imbalance persists although aluminum production from the Mozal smelter has significantly boosted export earnings in recent years. In 2012, The Mozambican government took over Portugal's last remaining share in the Cahora Bassa Hydroelectricity Company (HCB), a significant contributor to the Southern African Power Pool. The government has plans to expand the Cahora Bassa Dam and build additional dams to increase its electricity exports and fulfill the needs of its burgeoning domestic industries. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level. In July 2007, the US government's Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) signed a $506.9 million Compact with Mozambique that ended in 2013. The Compact focused on improving sanitation, roads, agriculture, and the business regulation environment in an effort to spur economic growth in the four northern provinces of the country. Citizens rioted in September 2010 after fuel, water, electricity, and bread price increases were announced. In an attempt to lessen the negative impact on the population, the government implemented subsidies, decreased taxes and tariffs, and instituted other fiscal measures. Mozambique grew at an average annual rate of 6%-8% in the decade up to 2014, one of Africa's strongest performances. Mozambique's ability to attract large investment projects in natural resources is expected to extend high growth rates in coming years. Revenues from these vast resources, including natural gas, coal, titanium and hydroelectric capacity, could overtake donor assistance within five years.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $31.1 billion (2014 est.)
  $28.96 billion (2013 est.)
  $26.96 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 127
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $16.68 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  7.4% (2014 est.)
  7.4% (2013 est.)
  7.1% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 10
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $1,200 (2014 est.)
  $1,100 (2013 est.)
  $1,000 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 222
  Gross national saving:
  12.4% of GDP (2014 est.)
  15.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
  14.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 170
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 74.2%
  government consumption: 17.9%
  investment in fixed capital: 50.3%
  investment in inventories: 0%
  exports of goods and services: 31.8%
  imports of goods and services: -74.3%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 28.9%
  industry: 24%
  services: 47.1% (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (manioc, tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry
  Industries:
  aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages
  Industrial production growth rate:
  9% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 17
  Labor force:
  12.25 million (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 44
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 81%
  industry: 6%
  services: 13% (1997 est.)
  Unemployment rate:
  17% (2007 est.)
  21% (1997 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 154
  Population below poverty line:
  52% (2009 est.)
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 1.9%
  highest 10%: 36.7% (2008)
  Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  45.6 (2008)
  47.3 (2002)
  country comparison to the world: 36
  Budget:
  revenues: $5.324 billion
  expenditures: $6.967 billion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  32.1% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 80
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  -9.9% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 202
  Public debt:
  47.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
  41.1% of GDP (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 77
  Fiscal year:
  calendar year
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  2.3% (2014 est.)
  4.2% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 106
  Central bank discount rate:
  9.5% (17 January 2013)
  3.25% (31 December 2010)
  country comparison to the world: 24
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  15.3% (31 December 2014 est.)
  15.33% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 36
  Stock of narrow money:
  $5.267 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $4.851 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 97
  Stock of broad money:
  $7.777 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $7.19 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 114
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $4.982 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $4.573 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 123
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $NA
  Current account balance:
  -$5.797 billion (2014 est.)
  -$5.892 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 174
  Exports:
  $4.345 billion (2014 est.)
  $4.123 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 118
  Exports - commodities:
  aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity
  Exports - partners:
  China 28.8%, South Africa 20%, Italy 7.7%, Belgium 5.9%, India 5.7%, Spain 5.2% (2014)
  Imports:
  $8.954 billion (2014 est.)
  $8.48 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 109
  Imports - commodities:
  machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles
  Imports - partners:
  South Africa 26.5%, China 17.4%, India 16.6% (2014)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $3.334 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $3.142 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 107
  Debt - external:
  $7.521 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $6.416 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 112
  Exchange rates:
  meticais (MZM) per US dollar -
  31.2 (2014 est.)
  30.125 (2013 est.)
  28.38 (2012 est.)
  29.075 (2011 est.)
  33.96 (2010 est.)

- ## Energy :: MOZAMBIQUE

- Electricity - production:
  14.83 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 84
  Electricity - consumption:
  10.19 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 87
  Electricity - exports:
  9.462 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 22
  Electricity - imports:
  8.537 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 26
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  2.429 million kW (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 99
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  10.3% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 195
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 147
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  89.7% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 13
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 207
  Crude oil - production:
  20 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 119
  Crude oil - exports:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 159
  Crude oil - imports:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 100
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  0 bbl (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 169
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  992 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 111
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  24,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 124
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  953 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 107
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  16,140 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 115
  Natural gas - production:
  4.355 billion cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 53
  Natural gas - consumption:
  755 million cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 95
  Natural gas - exports:
  3.6 billion cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 35
  Natural gas - imports:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 103
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  2.832 trillion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 14
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  4.789 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 129

- ## Communications :: MOZAMBIQUE

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 68,800
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: less than 1 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 151
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 18.4 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 75 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 59
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: a fair telecommunications system that is shackled with a heavy state presence, lack of competition, and high operating costs and charges
  domestic: stagnation in the fixed-line network contrasts with rapid growth in the mobile-cellular network; mobile-cellular coverage now includes all the main cities and key roads, including those from Maputo to the South African and Swaziland borders, the national highway through Gaza and Inhambane provinces, the Beira corridor, and from Nampula to Nacala; extremely low fixed-line teledensity; despite significant growth in mobile-cellular services, teledensity remains low at about 35 per 100 persons
  international: country code - 258; landing point for the EASSy and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) (2011)
  Broadcast media:
  1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a number of privately owned and community-operated stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 13, FM 17, shortwave 11 (2001)
  Television broadcast stations:
  4 (2008)
  Internet country code:
  .mz
  Internet users:
  total: 1.4 million
  percent of population: 5.5% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 111

- ## Transportation :: MOZAMBIQUE

- Airports:
  98 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 57
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 21
  over 3,047 m: 1
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 9
  914 to 1,523 m: 5
  under 914 m: 4 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 77
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 9
  914 to 1,523 m: 29
  under 914 m:
  38 (2013)
  Pipelines:
  gas 972 km; refined products 278 km (2013)
  Railways:
  total: 4,787 km
  narrow gauge: 4,787 km 1.067-m gauge (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 38
  Roadways:
  total: 30,331 km
  paved: 6,303 km
  unpaved: 24,028 km (2009)
  country comparison to the world: 96
  Waterways:
  460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 85
  Merchant marine:
  total: 2
  by type: cargo 2
  foreign-owned: 2 (Belgium 2) (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 144
  Ports and terminals:
  major seaport(s): Beira, Maputo, Nacala

- ## Military :: MOZAMBIQUE

- Military branches:
  Mozambique Armed Defense Forces (Forcas Armadas de Defesa de Mocambique, FADM): Mozambique Army, Mozambique Navy (Marinha de Guerra de Mocambique, MGM), Mozambique Air Force (Forca Aerea de Mocambique, FAM) (2012)
  Military service age and obligation:
  registration for military service is mandatory for all males and females at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service; 2-year service obligation; women may serve as officers or enlisted (2012)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 4,613,367 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 2,677,473
  females age 16-49: 2,941,073 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 274,602
  female: 280,008 (2010 est.)

- ## Transnational Issues :: MOZAMBIQUE

- Disputes - international:
  South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration
  Refugees and internally displaced persons:
  IDPs: 61,102 (2015 floods) (2015)
  Illicit drugs:
  southern African transit point for South Asian hashish and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability make the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

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