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Africa :: Senegal

- ## Introduction :: SENEGAL

- Background:
  The French colonies of Senegal and French Sudan were merged in 1959 and granted independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. The union broke up after only a few months. Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. The envisaged integration of the two countries was never implemented, and the union was dissolved in 1989. The Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance has led a low-level separatist insurgency in southern Senegal since the 1980s, and several peace deals have failed to resolve the conflict. Nevertheless, Senegal remains one of the most stable democracies in Africa and has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping and regional mediation. Senegal was ruled by a Socialist Party for 40 years until Abdoulaye WADE was elected president in 2000. He was reelected in 2007 and during his two terms amended Senegal's constitution over a dozen times to increase executive power and weaken the opposition. His decision to run for a third presidential term sparked a large public backlash that led to his defeat in a March 2012 runoff election with Macky SALL, a former ally and prime minister. Since taking office, SALL has launched an economic reform program aimed at boosting economic growth, and his administration has conducted corruption investigations against senior figures in WADE's government.

- ## Geography :: SENEGAL

- Location:
  Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
  Geographic coordinates:
  14 00 N, 14 00 W
  Map references:
  Africa
  Area:
  total: 196,722 sq km
  land: 192,530 sq km
  water: 4,192 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 88
  Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than South Dakota
  Land boundaries:
  total: 2,684 km
  border countries (5): The Gambia 749 km, Guinea 363 km, Guinea-Bissau 341 km, Mali 489 km, Mauritania 742 km
  Coastline:
  531 km
  Maritime claims:
  territorial sea: 12 nm
  contiguous zone: 24 nm
  exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
  continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
  Climate:
  tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
  Terrain:
  generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
  highest point: unnamed elevation southwest of Kedougou 581 m
  Natural resources:
  fish, phosphates, iron ore
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 46.8%
  arable land 17.4%; permanent crops 0.3%; permanent pasture 29.1%
  forest: 43.8%
  other: 9.4% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  1,197 sq km (2003)
  Total renewable water resources:
  38.8 cu km (2011)
  Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
  total: 2.22 cu km/yr (4%/3%/93%)
  per capita: 221.6 cu m/yr (2002)
  Natural hazards:
  lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts
  Environment - current issues:
  wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
  Geography - note:
  westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal

- ## People and Society :: SENEGAL

- Nationality:
  noun: Senegalese (singular and plural)
  adjective: Senegalese
  Ethnic groups:
  Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%
  Languages:
  French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
  Religions:
  Muslim 94% (most adhere to one of the four main Sufi brotherhoods), Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic), indigenous beliefs 1%
  Population:
  13,975,834 (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 73
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 42.16% (male 2,960,395/female 2,931,298)
  15-24 years: 20.4% (male 1,420,180/female 1,431,571)
  25-54 years: 30.67% (male 1,960,745/female 2,325,620)
  55-64 years: 3.84% (male 233,892/female 303,394)
  65 years and over: 2.92% (male 184,196/female 224,543) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 87.6%
  youth dependency ratio: 82.1%
  elderly dependency ratio: 5.5%
  potential support ratio: 18.2% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 18.5 years
  male: 17.7 years
  female: 19.4 years (2015 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  2.45% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 29
  Birth rate:
  34.52 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 24
  Death rate:
  8.46 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 78
  Net migration rate:
  -1.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 159
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 43.7% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 3.59% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  DAKAR (capital) 3.52 million (2015)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 0.84 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 0.77 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 51.54 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 57.62 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 45.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 34
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 61.32 years
  male: 59.29 years
  female: 63.42 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 195
  Total fertility rate:
  4.44 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 30
  Contraceptive prevalence rate:
  17.8% (2012/13)
  Health expenditures:
  4.2% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 141
  Physicians density:
  0.06 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
  Hospital bed density:
  0.3 beds/1,000 population (2008)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 92.9% of population
  rural: 67.3% of population
  total: 78.5% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 7.1% of population
  rural: 32.7% of population
  total: 21.5% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 65.4% of population
  rural: 33.8% of population
  total: 47.6% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 34.6% of population
  rural: 66.2% of population
  total: 52.4% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  0.53% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 66
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  44,000 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 58
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  2,400 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 52
  Major infectious diseases:
  degree of risk: very high
  food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
  vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever
  water contact disease: schistosomiasis
  respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
  animal contact disease: rabies (2013)
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  8.3% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 145
  Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
  16.8% (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 40
  Education expenditures:
  5.6% of GDP (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 53
  Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 57.7%
  male: 69.7%
  female: 46.6% (2015 est.)
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  total: 8 years
  male: 8 years
  female: 8 years (2010)
  Child labor - children ages 5-14:
  total number: 657,216
  percentage: 22% (2005 est.)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
  total: 14.8%
  male: 11.9%
  female: 20.1% (2006 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 77

- ## Government :: SENEGAL

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Republic of Senegal
  conventional short form: Senegal
  local long form: Republique du Senegal
  local short form: Senegal
  former: Senegambia (along with The Gambia), Mali Federation
  Government type:
  republic
  Capital:
  name: Dakar
  geographic coordinates: 14 44 N, 17 38 W
  time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  Administrative divisions:
  14 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaffrine, Kaolack, Kedougou, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Sedhiou, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor
  Independence:
  4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
  National holiday:
  Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
  Constitution:
  previous 1959 (preindependence), 1963; latest adopted by referendum 7 January 2001, promulgated 22 January 2001; amended many times, last in 2009 (2014)
  Legal system:
  civil law system based on French law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court
  International law organization participation:
  accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Macky SALL (since 2 April 2012)
  head of government: Prime Minister Mohammed Abdallah Boun DIONNE (since 4 July 2014)
  cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president
  elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 February 2012 with a runoff on 25 March 2012 (next to be held in 2019); prime minister appointed by the president
  election results: Macky SALL elected president; percent of vote in runoff - Macky SALL ( Alliance for the Republic-Yakaar ) 65.8%, Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 34.2%
  Legislative branch:
  description: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (150 seats; 90 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 60 directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)
  elections: National Assembly - last held on 1 July 2012 (next to be held in 2017)
  election results: National Assembly results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Benno Bokk Yakaar coalition 119, PDS 12, Bokk Giss Giss coalition 4, MCRN-Bes Du Nakk 4, PVD 2, MRDS 2, URD 1, AJ/PADS 1, other 5
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 5 members including the court president, vice-president, and 3 judges)
  judge selection and term of office: Court of Final Appeals judges' appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Higher Council of the Judiciary, a body chaired by the president of the republic; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Council members appointed by the president of the republic to serve 6-year terms with renewal of 3 members every 2 years
  subordinate courts: High Court of Justice (for crime of high treason by president); Supreme Court (for abuses by government executives and local officials); Court of Auditors; Courts of Appeal; Assize Courts (4); Regional and District Courts, Labor Court
  Political parties and leaders:
  Alliance for the Republic-Yakaar [Macky SALL]
  Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]
  And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS [Mamadou DIOP, Landing SAVANE]
  Benno Bokk Yakaar coaltion [Macky SALL]
  Benno Siggil Senegal (a coalition of opposition parties)
  Bokk Giss Giss coalition [pape DIOP]
  Citizen Movement for National Reform or MCRN-Bes Du Nakk
  Convergence Democratique �BOKK GIS GIS’ (Common Vision) Pape DIOP
  Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Mamadou NDOYE]
  Front for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye Bamba DIEYE]
  Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]
  Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Magette THIAM]
  People's Labor Party or PTP [El Hadji DIOUF]
  Reform Party or PR [Abdourahim AGNE]
  Republican Movement for Socialism and Democracy or MRDS
  Rewmi Party [Idrissa SECK]
  Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]
  Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]
  Union Centriste du Senegal or UCS [Abdoulaye BALDE']
  Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  other: labor; students; Sufi brotherhoods, including the Mourides and Tidjanes; teachers
  International organization participation:
  ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, CPLP (associate), ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Babacar DIAGNE (since 18 November 2014)
  embassy: 2215 M Street, NW, Washington, DC 20007
  telephone: [1] (202) 234-0540
  FAX: [1] (202) 629-2961
  consulate(s) general: Houston, New York
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador James P. Zumwalt (since 9 January 2015); note - also accredited to Guinea-Bissau
  embassy: Route des Almadies, Dakar
  mailing address: B. P. 49, Dakar
  telephone: [221] 33-879-4000
  FAX: [221] 33-822-2991
  Flag description:
  three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; green represents Islam, progress, and hope; yellow signifies natural wealth and progress; red symbolizes sacrifice and determination; the star denotes unity and hope
  note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the same as those of neighboring Mali and the reverse of those on the flag of neighboring Guinea
  National symbol(s):
  lion; national colors: green, yellow, red
  National anthem:
  name: "Pincez Tous vos Koras, Frappez les Balafons" (Pluck Your Koras, Strike the Balafons)
  lyrics/music: Leopold Sedar SENGHOR/Herbert PEPPER
  note: adopted 1960; lyrics written by Leopold Sedar SENGHOR, Senegal's first president; the anthem sometimes played incorporating the Koras (harp-like stringed instruments) and Balafons (types of xylophones) mentioned in the title

- ## Economy :: SENEGAL

- Economy - overview:
  Senegal’s economy is driven by mining, construction, tourism, fisheries and agriculture which is the primary source of employment in rural areas. The country's key export industries include phosphate mining, fertilizer production, agricultural products and commercial fishing and it is also working on oil exploration projects. Senegal relies heavily on donor assistance, remittances and foreign direct investment. President Macky SALL, who was elected in March 2012 under a reformist policy agenda, inherited an economy with high energy costs, a challenging business environment, and a culture of overspending. Senegal received technical support from the IMF in 2010-2014 under a Policy Support Instrument to assist economic reform through sound macroeconomic and fiscal policies to reduce the fiscal deficit, increase transparency and facilitate private investment. President SALL unveiled an ambitious economic plan, the Emerging Senegal Plan, which aims to implement priority economic reforms and investment projects to increase economic growth. Bureaucratic bottlenecks and a challenging business climate are among the perennial challenges that may slow the implementation of this plan. Investors have signaled confidence in the country through Senegal’s successful Eurobond issuances in recent years, including in 2014.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $33.61 billion (2014 est.)
  $32.15 billion (2013 est.)
  $31.06 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 119
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $15.58 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  4.5% (2014 est.)
  3.5% (2013 est.)
  3.4% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 59
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $2,300 (2014 est.)
  $2,200 (2013 est.)
  $2,100 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 199
  Gross national saving:
  17.4% of GDP (2014 est.)
  16.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
  19% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 98
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 73.1%
  government consumption: 16.6%
  investment in fixed capital: 23.5%
  investment in inventories: 4.2%
  exports of goods and services: 21.1%
  imports of goods and services: -38.5%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 15.6%
  industry: 23.8%
  services: 60.6% (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish
  Industries:
  agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, zircon, and gold mining, construction materials, ship construction and repair
  Industrial production growth rate:
  5.2% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 50
  Labor force:
  6.326 million (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 67
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: 77.5%
  industry and services: 22.5% (2007 est.)
  Unemployment rate:
  48% (2007 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 196
  Population below poverty line:
  46.7% (2011 est.)
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: 2.5%
  highest 10%: 31.1% (2011)
  Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  40.3 (2011)
  40.3 (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 52
  Budget:
  revenues: $3.844 billion
  expenditures: $4.662 billion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  24.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 125
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  -5.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 174
  Public debt:
  47.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
  43.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 75
  Fiscal year:
  calendar year
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  -0.5% (2014 est.)
  0.7% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 14
  Central bank discount rate:
  0.25% (31 December 2010)
  4.25% (31 December 2009)
  country comparison to the world: 147
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  13.3% (31 December 2014 est.)
  14% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 55
  Stock of narrow money:
  $4.086 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $4.177 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 108
  Stock of broad money:
  $6.443 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $6.574 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 120
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $5.549 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $5.394 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 118
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $NA
  Current account balance:
  -$1.602 billion (2014 est.)
  -$1.598 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 134
  Exports:
  $2.462 billion (2014 est.)
  $2.563 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 139
  Exports - commodities:
  fish, groundnuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton
  Exports - partners:
  Mali 16%, Switzerland 10.5%, UAE 5.2%, France 4.6% (2014)
  Imports:
  $5.481 billion (2014 est.)
  $5.698 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 125
  Imports - commodities:
  food and beverages, capital goods, fuels
  Imports - partners:
  France 18.4%, Nigeria 8.7%, China 7.7%, Netherlands 6.3%, India 5.8%, Turkey 4.6%, Belgium 4.3% (2014)
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $1.95 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $2.253 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 123
  Debt - external:
  $5.747 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $4.91 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 121
  Exchange rates:
  Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
  494.4 (2014 est.)
  494 (2013 est.)
  510.53 (2012 est.)
  471.87 (2011 est.)
  495.28 (2010)

- ## Energy :: SENEGAL

- Electricity - production:
  3.148 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 130
  Electricity - consumption:
  2.586 billion kWh (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 139
  Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 194
  Electricity - imports:
  0 kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 198
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  623,000 kW (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 136
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  99.7% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 46
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 176
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 198
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  0.3% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 94
  Crude oil - production:
  0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 128
  Crude oil - exports:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 179
  Crude oil - imports:
  15,500 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 72
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  0 bbl (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 185
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  35,800 bbl/day (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 100
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  43,720 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 108
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  562 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 110
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  23,760 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 98
  Natural gas - production:
  20.48 million cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 86
  Natural gas - consumption:
  20.48 million cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 109
  Natural gas - exports:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 176
  Natural gas - imports:
  0 cu m (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 128
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 190
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  7.139 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 116

- ## Communications :: SENEGAL

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 310,000
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 115
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 14.4 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 105 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 67
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: good system with microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system
  domestic: above-average urban system with a fiber-optic network; nearly two-thirds of all fixed-line connections are in Dakar where a call-center industry is emerging; expansion of fixed-line services in rural areas needed; mobile-cellular service is expanding rapidly
  international: country code - 221; the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic cable provides connectivity to Europe and Asia while Atlantis-2 provides connectivity to South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)
  Broadcast media:
  state-run Radiodiffusion Television Senegalaise (RTS) operates 2 TV stations; a few private TV subscription channels rebroadcast foreign channels without providing any local news or programs; RTS operates a national radio network and a number of regional FM stations; many community and private-broadcast radio stations are available; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible on FM in Dakar (2007)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 8, FM 20, shortwave 1 (2001)
  Television broadcast stations:
  7 (2008)
  Internet country code:
  .sn
  Internet users:
  total: 3 million
  percent of population: 22.0% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 84

- ## Transportation :: SENEGAL

- Airports:
  20 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 136
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 9
  over 3,047 m: 2
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
  914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 11
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
  914 to 1,523 m: 3
  under 914 m:
  1 (2013)
  Pipelines:
  gas 43 km; refined products 8 km (2013)
  Railways:
  total: 906 km
  narrow gauge: 906 km 1.000-m gauge (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 92
  Roadways:
  total: 15,000 km
  paved: 5,300 km (includes 7 km of expressways)
  unpaved: 9,700 km (2015)
  country comparison to the world: 125
  Waterways:
  1,000 km (primarily on the Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance Rivers) (2012)
  country comparison to the world: 64
  Merchant marine:
  total: 1
  by type: passenger/cargo 1 (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 154
  Ports and terminals:
  major seaport(s): Dakar

- ## Military :: SENEGAL

- Military branches:
  Senegalese Armed Forces: Army, Senegalese National Navy (Marine Senegalaise, MNS), Senegalese Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Senegal) (2013)
  Military service age and obligation:
  18 years of age for voluntary military service; 20 years of age for selective conscript service; 2-year service obligation; women have been accepted into military service since 2008 (2013)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 2,699,196
  females age 16-49: 3,018,565 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 1,788,493
  females age 16-49: 2,133,370 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 145,509
  female: 145,064 (2010 est.)

- ## Transnational Issues :: SENEGAL

- Disputes - international:
  The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau attempt to stem separatist violence, cross border raids, and arms smuggling into their countries from southern Senegal's Casamance region
  Refugees and internally displaced persons:
  refugees (country of origin): 13,699 (Mauritania) (2014)
  IDPs: up to 24,000 (clashes between government troops and separatists in Casamance region) (2014)
  Illicit drugs:
  transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis

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