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Africa :: Botswana

- ## Introduction :: BOTSWANA

- Background:
  Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name at independence in 1966. More than four decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created one of the most stable economies in Africa. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest known rates of HIV/AIDS infection, but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease.

- ## Geography :: BOTSWANA

- Location:
  Southern Africa, north of South Africa
  Geographic coordinates:
  22 00 S, 24 00 E
  Map references:
  Africa
  Area:
  total: 581,730 sq km
  land: 566,730 sq km
  water: 15,000 sq km
  country comparison to the world: 48
  Area - comparative:
  slightly smaller than Texas
  Land boundaries:
  total: 4,347.15 km
  border countries (4): Namibia 1,544 km, South Africa 1,969 km, Zambia 0.15 km, Zimbabwe 834 km
  Coastline:
  0 km (landlocked)
  Maritime claims:
  none (landlocked)
  Climate:
  semiarid; warm winters and hot summers
  Terrain:
  predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest
  Elevation extremes:
  lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m
  highest point: Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m
  Natural resources:
  diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver
  Land use:
  agricultural land: 45.8%
  arable land 0.6%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 45.2%
  forest: 19.8%
  other: 34.4% (2011 est.)
  Irrigated land:
  14.39 sq km (2003)
  Total renewable water resources:
  12.24 cu km (2011)
  Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
  total: 0.19 cu km/yr (42%/19%/39%)
  per capita: 107.3 cu m/yr (2005)
  Natural hazards:
  periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility
  Environment - current issues:
  overgrazing; desertification; limited freshwater resources
  Environment - international agreements:
  party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
  signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
  Geography - note:
  landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country

- ## People and Society :: BOTSWANA

- Nationality:
  noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
  adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
  Ethnic groups:
  Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7%
  Languages:
  Setswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English (official) 2.1%, Sesarwa 1.9%, Sempukushu 1.7%, other 5.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2001 est.)
  Religions:
  Christian 71.6%, Badimo 6%, other 1.4% (includes Baha'i, Hindu, Muslim), unspecified 0.4%, none 20.6% (2001 est.)
  Population:
  2,182,719
  note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 145
  Age structure:
  0-14 years: 32.66% (male 363,264/female 349,517)
  15-24 years: 21.49% (male 233,090/female 235,894)
  25-54 years: 37.31% (male 433,246/female 381,151)
  55-64 years: 4.48% (male 43,604/female 54,261)
  65 years and over: 4.06% (male 35,346/female 53,346) (2015 est.)
  population pyramid:
  Dependency ratios:
  total dependency ratio: 55.3%
  youth dependency ratio: 49.7%
  elderly dependency ratio: 5.6%
  potential support ratio: 17.9% (2015 est.)
  Median age:
  total: 23.1 years
  male: 23.1 years
  female: 23 years (2015 est.)
  Population growth rate:
  1.21% (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 99
  Birth rate:
  20.96 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 77
  Death rate:
  13.39 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 15
  Net migration rate:
  4.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population
  note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 28
  Urbanization:
  urban population: 57.4% of total population (2015)
  rate of urbanization: 1.29% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
  Major urban areas - population:
  GABORONE (capital) 247,000 (2014)
  Sex ratio:
  at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
  0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
  15-24 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
  25-54 years: 1.14 male(s)/female
  55-64 years: 0.8 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
  total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
  Infant mortality rate:
  total: 8.93 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 9.26 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 8.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 145
  Life expectancy at birth:
  total population: 54.18 years
  male: 55.97 years
  female: 52.33 years (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 212
  Total fertility rate:
  2.33 children born/woman (2015 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 90
  Contraceptive prevalence rate:
  52.8%
  note: percent of women aged 12-49 (2007/08)
  Health expenditures:
  5.4% of GDP (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 132
  Physicians density:
  0.4 physicians/1,000 population (2009)
  Hospital bed density:
  1.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)
  Drinking water source:
  improved:
  urban: 99.2% of population
  rural: 92.3% of population
  total: 96.2% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 0.8% of population
  rural: 7.7% of population
  total: 3.8% of population (2015 est.)
  Sanitation facility access:
  improved:
  urban: 78.5% of population
  rural: 43.1% of population
  total: 63.4% of population
  unimproved:
  urban: 21.5% of population
  rural: 56.9% of population
  total: 36.6% of population (2015 est.)
  HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
  25.16% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 2
  HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
  392,400 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 19
  HIV/AIDS - deaths:
  5,100 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 30
  Major infectious diseases:
  degree of risk: high
  food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
  vectorborne disease: malaria (2013)
  Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
  19.5% (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 128
  Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
  11.2% (2008)
  country comparison to the world: 66
  Education expenditures:
  9.5% of GDP (2009)
  country comparison to the world: 5
  Literacy:
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  total population: 88.5%
  male: 88%
  female: 88.9% (2015 est.)
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
  total: 12 years
  male: NA
  female: NA (2008)
  Child labor - children ages 5-14:
  total number: 45,036
  percentage: 9%
  note: data represents children ages 7-17 (2006 est.)

- ## Government :: BOTSWANA

- Country name:
  conventional long form: Republic of Botswana
  conventional short form: Botswana
  local long form: Republic of Botswana
  local short form: Botswana
  former: Bechuanaland
  Government type:
  parliamentary republic
  Capital:
  name: Gaborone
  geographic coordinates: 24 38 S, 25 54 E
  time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
  Administrative divisions:
  10 districts and 6 town councils*; Central, Chobe, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Jwaneng*, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, North East, North West, Selebi-Phikwe*, South East, Southern, Sowa Town*
  Independence:
  30 September 1966 (from the UK)
  National holiday:
  Independence Day (Botswana Day), 30 September (1966)
  Constitution:
  previous 1960 (preindependence); latest adopted March 1965, effective 30 September 1966; amended several times, last in 2006 (2006)
  Legal system:
  mixed legal system of civil law influenced by the Roman-Dutch model and also customary and common law
  International law organization participation:
  accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
  Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
  Executive branch:
  chief of state: President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA (since 1 April 2008); Vice President Ponatshego KEDIKILWE (since 2 August 2012); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
  head of government: President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA (since 1 April 2008); Vice President Ponatshego KEDIKILWE (since 2 August 2012)
  cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
  elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 October 2009 (next to be held in October 2014); vice president appointed by the president
  election results: Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - NA
  Legislative branch:
  description: unicameral Parliament consists of the National Assembly (63 seats; 57 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 4 nominated by the president and indirectly elected by simple majority vote by the rest of the National Assembly, and 2 ex-officio members - the president and attorney general; elected members serve 5-year terms); note - the House of Chiefs (Ntlo ya Dikgosi), an advisory body to the National Assembly, consists of 35 members - 8 hereditary chiefs from Botswana's principal tribes, 22 indirectly elected by the chiefs, and 5 appointed by the president; the House of Chiefs consults on issues including powers of chiefs, customary courts, customary law, tribal property, and constitutional amendments
  elections: National Assembly elections last held on 24 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2019)
  election results: percent of vote by party - BDP 46.5%, UDC 30.0%, BCP 20.4%, independents 3.1%; seats by party - BDP 37, UDC 17, BCP 3
  Judicial branch:
  highest court(s): Court of Appeal, High Court (each consists of a chief justice and a number of other judges as prescribed by the Parliament)
  judge selection and term of office: Court of Appeal and High Court chief justices appointed by the president and other judges appointed by the president upon the advice of the Judicial Service Commission; all judges appointed to serve until age 70
  subordinate courts: Industrial Court (with circuits scheduled monthly in the capital city and in 3 districts); Magistrates Courts (1 in each district); Customary Court of Appeal; Paramount Chief's Court/Urban Customary Court; Senior Chief's Representative Court; Chief's Representative’s Court; Headman's Court
  Political parties and leaders:
  Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]
  Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Dumelang SALESHANDO]
  Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Ian KHAMA]
  Botswana Movement for Democracy or BMD [Ndaba GAOLATLHE]
  Botswana National Front or BNF [Duma BOKO]
  Botswana Peoples Party or BPP [Motlatsi MOLAPISI]
  Umbrella for Democratic Change or UDC [Duma BOKO] (includes BMD, BPP, and BNF)
  Political pressure groups and leaders:
  First People of the Kalahari (Bushman organization)
  Pitso Ya Ba Tswana
  Society for the Promotion of Ikalanga Language (Kalanga elites)
  other: diamond mining companies
  International organization participation:
  ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
  Diplomatic representation in the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador David John NEWMAN (since 3 August 2015)
  chancery: 1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
  telephone: [1] (202) 244-4990
  FAX: [1] (202) 244-4164
  Diplomatic representation from the US:
  chief of mission: Ambassador Earl R. MILLER (since 30 January 2015)
  embassy: Embassy Drive, Government Enclave (off Khama Crescent), Gaborone
  mailing address: Embassy Enclave, P. O. Box 90, Gaborone
  telephone: [267] 395-3982
  FAX: [267] 318-0232
  Flag description:
  light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center; the blue symbolizes water in the form of rain, while the black and white bands represent racial harmony
  National symbol(s):
  zebra; national colors: blue, white, black
  National anthem:
  name: "Fatshe leno la rona" (Our Land)
  lyrics/music: Kgalemang Tumedisco MOTSETE
  note: adopted 1966

- ## Economy :: BOTSWANA

- Economy - overview:
  Botswana’s diamond dependent economy has maintained one of the world's highest economic growth rates since independence in 1966. However, economic growth was negative in 2009, with the industrial sector shrinking by 30%, after the global crisis reduced demand for Botswana's diamonds. Although the economy recovered in 2010-12, GDP growth slowed in 2012-14. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $16,600 in 2014. Two major investment services rank Botswana as the best credit risk in Africa. Diamond mining has fueled much of the expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP, 70-80% of export earnings, and about one-third of the government's revenues. Botswana's heavy reliance on a single luxury export was a critical factor in the sharp economic contraction of 2009. Tourism, financial services, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. According to official government statistics, unemployment reached 17.8% in 2009, but unofficial estimates run much higher. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is second highest in the world and threatens Botswana's impressive economic gains. An expected leveling off in diamond production within the next 10-15 years overshadows long-term prospects. A major international diamond company signed a 10-year deal with Botswana in 2012 to move its rough stone sorting and trading division from London to Gaborone by the end of 2013. The move has supported the development of Botswana's nascent downstream diamond industry.
  GDP (purchasing power parity):
  $33.74 billion (2014 est.)
  $32.15 billion (2013 est.)
  $30.36 billion (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 121
  GDP (official exchange rate):
  $15.79 billion (2014 est.)
  GDP - real growth rate:
  4.9% (2014 est.)
  5.9% (2013 est.)
  4.3% (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 63
  GDP - per capita (PPP):
  $16,000 (2014 est.)
  $15,300 (2013 est.)
  $14,400 (2012 est.)
  note: data are in 2014 US dollars
  country comparison to the world: 99
  Gross national saving:
  48% of GDP (2014 est.)
  44.3% of GDP (2013 est.)
  35.7% of GDP (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 13
  GDP - composition, by end use:
  household consumption: 49.8%
  government consumption: 18.9%
  investment in fixed capital: 32.2%
  investment in inventories: 1.7%
  exports of goods and services: 51.3%
  imports of goods and services: -53.9%
  (2014 est.)
  GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
  agriculture: 1.9%
  industry: 28.7%
  services: 69.4% (2014 est.)
  Agriculture - products:
  livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts
  Industries:
  diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver; livestock processing; textiles
  Industrial production growth rate:
  5.3% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 49
  Labor force:
  1.017 million (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 144
  Labor force - by occupation:
  agriculture: NA%
  industry: NA%
  services: NA%
  Unemployment rate:
  17.8% (2009 est.)
  7.5% (2007 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 157
  Population below poverty line:
  30.3% (2003 est.)
  Household income or consumption by percentage share:
  lowest 10%: NA%
  highest 10%: NA%
  Distribution of family income - Gini index:
  63 (1993)
  country comparison to the world: 3
  Budget:
  revenues: $5.442 billion
  expenditures: $5.164 billion (2014 est.)
  Taxes and other revenues:
  33.4% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 74
  Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
  1.7% of GDP (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 16
  Public debt:
  17.4% of GDP (2014 est.)
  19.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 143
  Fiscal year:
  1 April - 31 March
  Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  3.9% (2014 est.)
  5.9% (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 151
  Central bank discount rate:
  7.5% (31 December 2014)
  7.5% (31 December 2013)
  country comparison to the world: 42
  Commercial bank prime lending rate:
  9% (31 December 2014 est.)
  10.19% (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 101
  Stock of narrow money:
  $1.465 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $1.435 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 143
  Stock of broad money:
  $8.293 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  $7.635 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 111
  Stock of domestic credit:
  $2.069 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $1.852 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 139
  Market value of publicly traded shares:
  $4.588 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
  $4.107 billion (31 December 2011)
  $4.076 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 87
  Current account balance:
  $2.703 billion (2014 est.)
  $1.535 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 44
  Exports:
  $7.477 billion (2014 est.)
  $7.603 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 103
  Exports - commodities:
  diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles
  Imports:
  $7.141 billion (2014 est.)
  $7.362 billion (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 115
  Imports - commodities:
  foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products
  Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
  $8.885 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $7.726 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 78
  Debt - external:
  $2.505 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
  $2.461 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 143
  Exchange rates:
  pulas (BWP) per US dollar -
  9.19 (2014 est.)
  8.3989 (2013 est.)
  7.62 (2012 est.)
  6.8382 (2011 est.)
  6.7936 (2010 est.)

- ## Energy :: BOTSWANA

- Electricity - production:
  350 million kWh (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 168
  Electricity - consumption:
  3.162 billion kWh (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 130
  Electricity - exports:
  0 kWh (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 105
  Electricity - imports:
  3.18 billion kWh (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 48
  Electricity - installed generating capacity:
  132,000 kW (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 169
  Electricity - from fossil fuels:
  100% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 6
  Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
  0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 46
  Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
  0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 158
  Electricity - from other renewable sources:
  0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 157
  Crude oil - production:
  0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 152
  Crude oil - exports:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 79
  Crude oil - imports:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 157
  Crude oil - proved reserves:
  0 bbl (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 106
  Refined petroleum products - production:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 120
  Refined petroleum products - consumption:
  15,520 bbl/day (2013 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 141
  Refined petroleum products - exports:
  0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 151
  Refined petroleum products - imports:
  19,360 bbl/day (2010 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 106
  Natural gas - production:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 102
  Natural gas - consumption:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 118
  Natural gas - exports:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 59
  Natural gas - imports:
  0 cu m (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 157
  Natural gas - proved reserves:
  0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 110
  Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
  3.919 million Mt (2012 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 133

- ## Communications :: BOTSWANA

- Telephones - fixed lines:
  total subscriptions: 170,000
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 132
  Telephones - mobile cellular:
  total: 3.4 million
  subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 158 (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 131
  Telephone system:
  general assessment: Botswana is participating in regional development efforts; expanding fully digital system with fiber-optic cables linking the major population centers in the east as well as a system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relays links, and radiotelephone communication stations
  domestic: fixed-line teledensity has declined in recent years and now stands at roughly 7 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity now pushing 140 telephones per 100 persons
  international: country code - 267; international calls are made via satellite, using international direct dialing; 2 international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)
  Broadcast media:
  2 TV stations - 1 state-owned and 1 privately owned; privately owned satellite TV subscription service is available; 2 state-owned national radio stations; 3 privately owned radio stations broadcast locally (2007)
  Radio broadcast stations:
  AM 8, FM 13, shortwave 4 (2001)
  Television broadcast stations:
  2 (1 state-owned, 1 private) (2007)
  Internet country code:
  .bw
  Internet users:
  total: 283,500
  percent of population: 13.2% (2014 est.)
  country comparison to the world: 144

- ## Transportation :: BOTSWANA

- Airports:
  74 (2013)
  country comparison to the world: 70
  Airports - with paved runways:
  total: 10
  over 3,047 m: 2
  2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
  914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
  Airports - with unpaved runways:
  total: 64
  1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
  914 to 1,523 m: 46
  under 914 m:
  13 (2013)
  Railways:
  total: 888 km
  narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2014)
  country comparison to the world: 93
  Roadways:
  total: 17,916 km
  note: includes 8,916 km of Public Highway Network roads (6,116 km paved and 2,800 km unpaved) and 9,000 km of District Council roads (2011)
  country comparison to the world: 117

- ## Military :: BOTSWANA

- Military branches:
  Botswana Defense Force (BDF): Ground Forces Command, Air Wing Command, Defense Logistics Command, Special Forces Group (2013)
  Military service age and obligation:
  18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)
  Manpower available for military service:
  males age 16-49: 557,647
  females age 16-49: 531,095 (2010 est.)
  Manpower fit for military service:
  males age 16-49: 340,949
  females age 16-49: 302,332 (2010 est.)
  Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
  male: 23,649
  female: 23,063 (2010 est.)
  Military expenditures:
  2% of GDP (2013)
  2.31% of GDP (2012)
  2.43% of GDP (2011)
  2.31% of GDP (2010)
  country comparison to the world: 34

- ## Transnational Issues :: BOTSWANA

- Disputes - international:
  none
  Trafficking in persons:
  currrent situation: Botswana is a source and destination country for women and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; young Batswana serving as domestic workers, sometimes sent by their parents, may be denied education and basic necessities or experience confinement and abuse indicative of forced labor; adults and children of San ethnicity were reported to be in forced labor on farms and at cattle posts; Batswana girls also are forced into prostitution domestically; undocumented Asian workers may be vulnerable to forced labor due to the threat of deportation
  tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List – Botswana does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; nevertheless, authorities did not increase anti-trafficking efforts in 2013; no cases involving domestic trafficking were investigated, no trafficking offenders were criminally prosecuted and convicted, and no reports of official complicity were investigated; the government did not pass anti-trafficking legislation or launch a public awareness campaign; formal victim identification and referral procedures were not developed (2014)

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